Prodidomidae
| Long-spinneret ground spiders | |
|---|---|
| File:Eleleis limpopo 308353727 556306923.jpg | |
| female Eleleis limpopo | |
| File:Theuma cedri 306916978 553532011.jpg | |
| female Theuma cedri | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Chelicerata |
| Class: | Arachnida |
| Order: | Araneae |
| Infraorder: | Araneomorphae |
| Family: | Prodidomidae Simon, 1884 |
| Genera | |
|
See text. | |
Prodidomidae is a family of spider, sometimes called long-spinneret ground spiders. It was formerly regarded as a subfamily of Gnaphosidae, but was raised to a family in 2022.[1]
Spiders in the family are easily identified by the greatly elongated base of the piriform gland spigots. At least parts of their body are covered with shiny scales or setae. The posterior median eyes are flat and silvery, with a triangular, egg-shaped or irregularly rectangular shape.[2]
Biology
[edit | edit source]Spiders in the Prodidomidae are ground dwellers. Most species are nocturnal and hide during the day in litter, but Myandra species, which are probably mimicking ants, seem to be active during the day.[2] The genus Zimiris is synanthropic and thus found throughout the tropics.
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Although Theuma walteri was described from Turkmenistan by Eugène Simon, it is suspected that Simon accidentally exchanged its locality with that of Anagraphis pallens (Gnaphosidae); then T. walteri would have been collected in the Cape of Good Hope, while A. pallens is from Turkmenistan.[3]
Genera
[edit | edit source]
As of September 2025[update], the family includes these genera:[1]
- Austrodomus Lawrence, 1947 – southern Africa
- Brasilomma Brescovit, Ferreira & Rheims, 2012 – Brazil
- Caudalia Alayón, 1980 – Cuba
- Chileomma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 – Chile
- Chileuma Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 – Chile
- Chilongius Platnick, Shadab & Sorkin, 2005 – Chile
- Eleleis Simon, 1893 – southern Africa
- Indiani Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Lemos, 2020 – Brazil
- Lygromma Simon, 1893 – Costa Rica to Brazil, Galapagos
- Lygrommatoides Strand, 1918 – Japan
- Moreno Mello-Leitão, 1940 – Argentina, Chile
- Namundra Platnick & Bird, 2007 – Angola, Namibia, South Africa
- Neozimiris Simon, 1903 – Bahamas, Colombia, Curaçao, Galapagos, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, United States, Mexico
- Nopyllus Ott, 2014 – Brazil
- Paleotoca Cizauskas, Zampaulo & Brescovit, 2024 – Brazil
- Paracymbiomma Rodrigues, Cizauskas & Rheims, 2018 – Brazil
- Plutonodomus Cooke, 1964 – Tanzania
- Prodidomus Hentz, 1847 – Mediterranean, Africa, Australia, Asia, Venezuela, Hawaii
- Purcelliana Cooke, 1964 – Namibia, South Africa
- Theuma Simon, 1893 – Africa, Turkmenistan (?)
- Tivodrassus Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 – Mexico
- Tricongius Simon, 1893 – Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela
- Zimirina Dalmas, 1919 – North Africa, southern Europe, South Africa
- Zimiris Simon, 1882 – Yemen (Socotra), India. Introduced circumtropical
A 2020 phylogenetic analysis involving 59 species of Prodidominae and 32 outgroup species did not recover Prodidominae as monophyletic because Anagrina did not arise within the subfamily.[4] The study re-established Molycriinae (including genera Cryptoerithus, Molycria, Nomindra, Wesmaldra, and Wydundra) as a distinct subfamily in Gnaphosidae, a sister to Prodidominae.[4]
References
[edit | edit source]Bibliography
[edit | edit source]- Platnick, N.I. & Penney, D. (2004): A Revision of the Widespread Spider Genus Zimiris (Araneae, Prodidomidae). American Museum Novitates 3450.
- Platnick, Norman I. & Baehr, Barbara C. (2006): A revision of the Australasian ground spiders of the family Prodidomidae (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 298: 1-287. (with keys to subfamilies and genera, and picture)
- Platnick, Norman I. (2008): The world spider catalog, version 8.5. American Museum of Natural History.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Citizen science observations for Prodidomidae at iNaturalistLua error in Module:EditAtWikidata at line 29: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
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