Serrasalmus

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Serrasalmus
Temporal range: Middle Miocenepresent
File:Serrasalmus rhombeus 205142615 (cropped).jpg
S. rhombeus at Carauari, Brazil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Characiformes
Family: Serrasalmidae
Subfamily: Serrasalminae
Genus: Serrasalmus
Lacepède, 1803
Type species
Salmo rhombeus
Linnaeus, 1766[1]
Species

See text

Synonyms[1]

Serrasalmus is a genus of freshwater ray-finned fishes belonging to the family Serrasalmidae, which includes the pacus, piranhas and related fishes. They are collectively known as pirambebas; the "typical" piranhas like the piraya piranha are nowadays placed in Pygocentrus. Like all piranhas, Serrasalmus are native to South America.

One species, S. humeralis, was able to temporarily establish a breeding population in Florida before being eradicated in 1981.[2][3]

Description

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Serrasalmus species have sharp teeth and generally have a compressed rhomboid shape.[4][verification needed] In some, the shape is more ovoid, particularly in old specimens. There is also a high variation in color patterns found within this genus.[4][verification needed] Some Serrasalmus species can exceed 20 in or 510 mm (S. manueli and S. rhombeus, according to OPEFE), placing them among the largest Serrasalmidae.[citation needed]

Serrasalmus species are primarily piscivorous, with varying degrees of propensity for omnivory depending on the species. Plant material ingested may include fruits and seeds.[5]

Evolution

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Pericentric inversions are likely responsible for many of the chromosomal differences in Serrasalmus.[6][7]

Fossil record

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Middle Miocene-aged fossil tooth remains of a serrasalmid potentially referable to Serrasalmus are known from the Pebas Formation of Peru. The genus otherwise does not have a fossil record.[8]

Species

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File:Serrasalmus elongatus 205539269.jpg
Serrasalmus elongatus

These are the recognized species in this genus:[9]

References

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