Per mille
| ‰ | |
|---|---|
Per mille | |
| In Unicode | U+2030 ‰ <reserved-2030> (‰) |
| Related | |
| See also | U+0025 % <reserved-0025> U+2031 ‱ <reserved-2031> (Basis point) |
The phrase per mille (from Latin per mīlle 'in each thousand')[1] indicates parts per thousand.[2] The associated symbol is ‰, similar to a per cent sign % but with an extra zero in the divisor.
Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,[1][2][3] giving other options of per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1][4] permill,[1] permille.[5][6]
The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.[7][4]
The symbol is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode at U+2030 ‰ <reserved-2030>.[5] There is also an Arabic-Indic per mille sign at U+0609 ؉ <reserved-0609>.
Examples
[edit | edit source]Blood alcohol concentration
[edit | edit source]Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[8] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[9]
Cost per mille
[edit | edit source]Sales and marketing
[edit | edit source]Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.
Insurance
[edit | edit source]In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[10] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[11]
Gradients
[edit | edit source]
Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[12]
Isotope ratios
[edit | edit source]Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰"
Taxation
[edit | edit source]Charity fraction
[edit | edit source]In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.[13]
Property tax
[edit | edit source]Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.
Quantile
[edit | edit source]Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[14][15] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[16]
Salinity
[edit | edit source]Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[17]
Related units
[edit | edit source]
- Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100
- Percentage (%) 1 part in 100
- Basis point (bp) difference of 1 part in 10,000
- Permyriad (‱) 1 part in 10,000
- Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000
See also
[edit | edit source]- Parts-per notation
- Per-unit system
- Percentile
- Fineness of precious metals (given as "0.000-fine")
Notes
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References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c d e Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
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- ^ a b Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Page 258)
- ^ a b Unicode.u+2038 "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. at Wikimedia Commons
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