Penmarch
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Penmarch
Penmarc'h | |
|---|---|
| Lighthouses on the Pointe de Penmarc'h Lighthouses on the Pointe de Penmarc'h | |
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Coat of arms of Penmarch Coat of arms | |
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| Coordinates: Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Brittany |
| Department | Finistère |
| Arrondissement | Quimper |
| Canton | Pont-l'Abbé |
| Intercommunality | Pays Bigouden Sud |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Gwenola Le Troadec[1] |
Area 1 | 16.39 km2 (6.33 sq mi) |
| Population (Lua error in Module:Settlement_Wikidata at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).)Lua error in Module:Settlement_Wikidata at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | Lua error in Module:Settlement_Wikidata at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 29158 /29760 |
| Elevation | −1–23 m (−3.3–75.5 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Penmarch (French pronunciation: [pɛ̃maʁ], Breton: Penmarc'h) is a commune in the Finistère department of Brittany, northwestern France.[2] It lies 18 km south-west of Quimper by road.
Geography
[edit | edit source]Penmarch is the southwest-most township of Pays Bigouden, at the southern end of the Bay of Audierne. It is part of the canton of Pont-l'Abbé, and of the arrondissement of Quimper.[2]
The territory of the town (16.39 km2) is particularly flat; its altitude ranges from -1 to 23 m amsl.[3] There are many marshy lagoons, some of which have been drained and filled, especially in St. Guénolé to save space or habitat for the installation of local handicrafts.
The municipality consists of four villages:
- Penmarch-Bourg, formerly known as the Tréoultré;
- Saint-Guénolé (main fishing port);
- Kerity (fishing port side moving towards the hosting of the craft);
- Saint-Pierre (port for very small craft).
Many islands or reefs of very variable dimensions punctuate the coast of Penmarch; the most important are the Étocs islets south of Kerity, and the island of Saint-Nonna west of Saint-Pierre.
The port of Saint-Guénolé has a pass opening due west, thought to be dangerous in rough weather. It is protected by two granite peninsulas: Krugen in the South, and Conq in the northwest. Krugen is connected to the mainland by a sandy isthmus. Conq is connected to the shore by an artificial embankment itself protected by concrete blocks to better break the flood wave.
The rocky granite coast (called "savage coast" in Saint-Guénolé) is interspersed with several beaches:
- North, the beach of Pors Carn-which extends to the tip of the torch (joint Plomeur);
- West, the beach of Joy;
- South, the beach Steir Kerity which begins at and continues through Guilvinec.
Climate
[edit | edit source]Penmarch has a climate bordering between Mediterranean (Köppen Csb) and oceanic (Cfb). It is heavily moderated by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream influence, resulting in cool summers and very mild winters for the latitude as seasonal differences are low.
| Climate data for Penmarch (1981–2010 normals; extremes 1973–2017) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.4 (57.9) |
14.6 (58.3) |
23.7 (74.7) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.3 (82.9) |
33.0 (91.4) |
31.1 (88.0) |
32.7 (90.9) |
30.5 (86.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
16.0 (60.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 10.1 (50.2) |
9.9 (49.8) |
11.4 (52.5) |
13.3 (55.9) |
16.6 (61.9) |
18.4 (65.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
20.1 (68.2) |
18.8 (65.8) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.1 (55.6) |
10.9 (51.6) |
14.8 (58.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
7.8 (46.0) |
9.3 (48.7) |
10.8 (51.4) |
13.5 (56.3) |
15.8 (60.4) |
17.4 (63.3) |
17.7 (63.9) |
16.3 (61.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
11.1 (52.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 6.4 (43.5) |
5.6 (42.1) |
7.1 (44.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
11.0 (51.8) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.1 (59.2) |
15.2 (59.4) |
13.8 (56.8) |
11.9 (53.4) |
9.1 (48.4) |
6.9 (44.4) |
10.3 (50.5) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −9.3 (15.3) |
−6.8 (19.8) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
0.4 (32.7) |
2.0 (35.6) |
6.0 (42.8) |
8.8 (47.8) |
8.3 (46.9) |
6.7 (44.1) |
−0.2 (31.6) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−6.3 (20.7) |
−9.3 (15.3) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 74.9 (2.95) |
59.6 (2.35) |
53.9 (2.12) |
47.8 (1.88) |
46.8 (1.84) |
29.0 (1.14) |
31.2 (1.23) |
29.6 (1.17) |
43.5 (1.71) |
72.3 (2.85) |
67.0 (2.64) |
77.5 (3.05) |
633.1 (24.93) |
| Average precipitation days | 13.7 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 9.2 | 5.7 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 7.4 | 11.8 | 12.4 | 12.7 | 116.1 |
| Source 1: Météo Climat [4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Météo Climat [5] | |||||||||||||
History
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On the extremity of the peninsula on which Penmarc'h is situated are the fortified remains of a town which was of considerable importance from the 14th to the 16th centuries and included, besides Penmarc'h, Saint-Guénolé and Kerity. It owed its prosperity to its cod banks, the disappearance of which together with the discovery of the Newfoundland cod banks and the pillage of the place by the bandit La Fontenelle in 1595, contributed to its decline.
The church of Saint Nouna, a Gothic building of the early 16th century at Penmarc'h, and the church of St. Guénolé, an unfinished tower, and the church of Kerity are of interest. The coast is known to be very dangerous for sailors. On the Pointe de Penmarc'h stands the Phare d'Eckmühl, with a light visible for 100 km (60 mi). There are numerous megalithic monuments in the vicinity.
Population
[edit | edit source]Inhabitants of Penmarch are called in French Penmarchais.
Historical population | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source: EHESS[3] and INSEE (1968-2017)[6] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Sights
[edit | edit source]Penmarch is home to the 'Droguen' rock.
Literary references
[edit | edit source]Dorigen, the female protagonist in Geoffrey Chaucer's The Franklin's Tale, has a name similar to the local rock, which may symbolise her obduracy.[citation needed].
See also
[edit | edit source]- Communes of the Finistère department
- The Penmarch monument aux morts has sculpture by Pierre Charles Lenoir
- The Penmarch serves as a landing point for SEA-ME-WE 3, the longest submarine cable on Earth
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Commune de Penmarch (29158), INSEE
- ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Penmarch, EHESS (in French).
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- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
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Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Couliou, Jean-René (1997) La Pêche bretonne. 446 p. Rennes: Presses Universitaires de Rennes
- Foyer de l'enseignement (1950) Grandeurs ... au pays de Penmarc'h: terre et mer. 58 p. Les Amitiés de Lorraine et d'Alsace
- Le Gallo, Yves (ed.) (1991) Le Finistère de la Préhistoire à nos jours. Ed. Bordessoules
- Quaghebeur, Joëlle (2001) La Cornouaille du ixe au xiie siècle. Société archéologique du Finistère
- Dubois, Xavier (2002) « La Crise sardinière et les Mutations de la conserverie », in: Humbert, M., ed. La Bretagne à l'heure de la mondialisation. Rennes: Presses Universitaire de Rennes; pp. 27–33
- Duigou, Serge, et al. (2003) Histoire du Pays bigouden. Ed. Palantines
- Dreyer, Francis & Fichou, Jean-Christophe (2005) L'histoire de tous les phares de France. 316 p. Ouest-France Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).; pp. 179–182
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Official website (in French)
- Base Mérimée: Search for heritage in the commune, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
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