Inferior hypogastric plexus
| Inferior hypogastric plexus | |
|---|---|
| File:Gray838.png The right sympathetic chain and its connections with the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic plexuses. (Pelvic plexus labeled at bottom right.) | |
| File:Gray849.png Lower half of right sympathetic cord. (Hypogastric plexus labeled at bottom left.) | |
| Details | |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | plexus hypogastricus inferior |
| TA98 | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 746: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 865: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]] | |
The inferior hypogastric plexus (or pelvic plexus[1]) is a paired autonomic nerve plexus innervating organs of the pelvic cavity.[2] It gives rise to the prostatic plexus in males and the uterovaginal plexus in females.
Anatomy
[edit | edit source]Structure
[edit | edit source]The plexus consists of an irregular, fenestrated layer containing small ganglia.[2]
Relations
[edit | edit source]The inferior hypogastric plexus is situated in the sagittal plane just outside the peritoneum, between the anterior sacral foramina (posteriorly), and the posterior aspect of the urinary bladder (anteriorly). It is situated lateral to the rectum and vagina, and medial to the internal iliac artery and internal iliac vein of either side.[2]
Afferents
[edit | edit source]- hypogastric nerve – a continuation of either superior hypogastric plexus.[3][better source needed]
- sacral splanchnic nerves (from sympathetic trunk)[citation needed]
- pelvic splanchnic nerves (from sacral nerves S2-S4) also contribute parasympathetic efferent fibers to the plexus.[citation needed]
Efferents
[edit | edit source]Efferents branches form secondary plexuses that accompany the internal iliac artery along its course.[2] They give rise to the middle and inferior rectal plexuses, vesical plexus, deferential plexus, and prostatic plexus (in males) or uterovaginal plexus (in females).[2] Efferents of the plexus are responsible for innervating the genital erectile tissues.[2]
Clinical significance
[edit | edit source]Due to its location, injury to this structure can arise as a complication of pelvic surgeries and may cause urinary dysfunction and urinary incontinence. Testing of bladder function is used in that case to show a poorly compliant bladder, with bladder neck incompetence, and fixed external sphincter tone.[4]
Additional images
[edit | edit source]
See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Autonomics of the Pelvis - Page 5 of 12 anatomy module at med.umich.edu
- Autonomics of the Pelvis - Page 6 of 12 anatomy module at med.umich.edu
- figures/chapter_32/32-6.HTM: Basic Human Anatomy at Dartmouth Medical School
- posteriorabdomen at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (posteriorabdmus&nerves)
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