Intralaminar thalamic nuclei
| Intralaminar thalamic nuclei | |
|---|---|
| File:Thalmus.png Thalamic nuclei | |
| Details | |
| Part of | Thalamus |
| Identifiers | |
| Latin | nuclei intralaminares thalami |
| Acronym | ITN |
| TA98 | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 746: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 865: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]] | |
The intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ITN) are collections of neurons in the internal medullary lamina of the thalamus.[1]
Anatomy
[edit | edit source]Structure
[edit | edit source]The ITN are generally divided in two groups as follows:[1]
- anterior (rostral) group
- central lateral nucleus
- central medial nucleus (not referred to as "centromedial"[2])
- paracentral nucleus
- posterior (caudal) intralaminar group
- centromedian nucleus
- parafascicular nucleus
Some sources also include a "central dorsal" nucleus.
Afferents
[edit | edit source]Midline intralaminar nuclei receive afferents from the brain stem, spinal cord, and cerebellum. Connections with the cerebral cortex and basal nuclei are reciprocal. Afferents from the spinothalamic tract as well as periaqueductal gray are part of a pathway involved in pain processing.[3]
Efferents
[edit | edit source]The intralaminar nuclei project efferents to the hypothalamus, amygdala, and limbic lobe.[4]
Function
[edit | edit source]The ITN are thought to be involved in mediating arousal, affective, autonomic responses to pain.[4]
Clinical significance
[edit | edit source]Degeneration of this area may occur in progressive supranuclear palsy and Parkinson's disease.[5]
Research
[edit | edit source]This area is also prominently affected in traumatic brain injuries. One postmortem study of patients with closed head injuries showed correlation of the involvement of these nuclei with the various degrees of disability.[6][7]
See also
[edit | edit source]- Central tegmental tract
- Output of the ARAS
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b Mancall, E., Brock, D. & Gray, H. (2011). Gray's clinical neuroanatomy the anatomic basis for clinical neuroscience. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders.
- ^ NeuroName 321
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External links
[edit | edit source]
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