Open front rounded vowel
| Open front rounded vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| ɶ | |||
| IPA number | 312 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| File:Open front rounded vowel.ogg | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | ɶ | ||
| Unicode (hex) | U+0276 | ||
| X-SAMPA | & | ||
| Braille |   | ||
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Legend: unrounded • rounded |
The (near-)open front rounded vowel, or (near-)low front rounded vowel,[1] is a type of vowel sound that has not been confirmed to be phonemic in any spoken language.[2][3] The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɶ⟩, a small capital ⟨Œ⟩. ⟨œ⟩, the lowercase of the ligature, is used for the open-mid front rounded vowel.
While the IPA chart lists it as a fully open vowel, the rounded equivalent of [a],[4] characterizes it as near-open, the rounded equivalent of [æ].
A phoneme generally transcribed by this symbol is reported from the Bavarian dialect of Amstetten. However, it is phonetically open-mid, [œ].[5]
It occurs allophonically in Weert Limburgish[6] as well as in some speakers of Danish[7] and Swedish.[8] Certain transcriptions of Danish use ⟨ɶ⟩ to denote an open-mid front rounded vowel [œ].[7]
In Maastrichtian Limburgish, the vowel transcribed with ⟨ɶː⟩ in the Mestreechter Taol dictionary is phonetically near-open central [ɐ̹ː]. It is a phonological open-mid front rounded vowel, the long counterpart of /œ/.[9]
Riad (2014) reports that [ɶː] in Stockholm Swedish is sometimes difficult to distinguish from [ɒː], which is the main realization of the /ɑː/ phoneme, a sign that both vowels are phonetically very close.[8]
Features
[edit | edit source]- Its vowel height is open, also known as low, which means the tongue is positioned far from the roof of the mouth – that is, low in the mouth.
- Its vowel backness is front, which means the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth without creating a constriction that would be classified as a consonant. Rounded front vowels are often centralized, which means that often they are in fact near-front.
- It is rounded, which means that the lips are rounded rather than spread or relaxed.
Occurrence
[edit | edit source]| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Danish | Some speakers[7] | grøn | [ˈkʁɶ̝nˀ] | 'green' | Near-open;[10] allophone of /ø/ between /ʁ/ and /v/ as well as an allophone of /œ/ between /ʁ/ and a nasal.[11] Other speakers pronounce it the same as [œ].[7] See Danish phonology |
| Limburgish | Weert dialect[6] | bui | [bɶj] | 'shower' | Allophone of /œ/ before /j/.[6] See Weert dialect phonology |
| Swedish | Stockholm[8] | öra | [ˈɶ̂ːra̠] | 'ear' | Pre-/r/ allophone of /øː/ (sometimes also /œ/) for younger speakers.[8] An acoustic study by Persson (2024) points instead to an open-mid central allophone,[12] e.g. <phonos file="sv-öra.ogg">öra</phonos>. Open-mid [œː, œ] for older speakers.[8] See Swedish phonology |
See also
[edit | edit source]Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ While the International Phonetic Association prefers the terms "close" and "open" for vowel height, many linguists use "high" and "low".
- ^ Jones (1956), p. 15.
- ^ Wells (1975), p. 52: "Although it may seldom or never be needed for phonemic transcription, I feel that for completeness' sake, and to fill an awkward gap in our vowel chart, we should recognize this symbol for an open front rounded vowel."
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 290.
- ^ Traunmüller (1982), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 290
- ^ a b c Heijmans & Gussenhoven (1998), p. 110
- ^ a b c d Basbøll (2005), p. 46
- ^ a b c d e Riad (2014), p. 38
- ^ Gussenhoven & Aarts (1999), pp. 159, 161–162, 164
- ^ Grønnum (1998), p. 100.
- ^ Grønnum (2005), p. 288.
- ^ Perrson (2024), Fig. 1, 7.
References
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).