Nkore language
| Nkore | |
|---|---|
| Orunyankore | |
| Native to | Uganda |
| Region | Ankole |
| Ethnicity | Banyankore |
Native speakers | 3.4 million (2014 census)[1] |
Standard forms | |
| Dialects |
|
| Latin | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | nyn |
| ISO 639-3 | nyn |
| Glottolog | nyan1307 |
JE.13[2] | |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Glottopedia | Runyankore[3] |
Nkore (also called Nkole, Nyankore, Nyankole, Orunyankore, Orunyankole, Runyankore and Runyankole) is a Bantu language spoken by the Nkore ("Banyankore") of south-western Uganda in the former province of Ankole, as well as in Tanzania, the DR Congo, Rwanda and Burundi.[4]
Runyankole is mainly spoken in the Mbarara, Bushenyi, Ntungamo, Kiruhura, Ibanda, Isingiro, Rukungiri, Buhweju, Mitooma, Sheema, Rubirizi and parts of Kitagwenda districts.
There is a brief description and teaching guide for this language, written by Charles V. Taylor in the 1950s, and an adequate dictionary in print. Whilst this language is spoken by almost all the Ugandans in the region, most also speak English, especially in the towns. (English is one of Uganda's two official languages, and the language taught in schools.)
Nkore is so similar to Kiga (84–94 percent lexical similarity[5]) that some argue they are dialects of the same language, a language called Nkore-Kiga by Taylor.[4]
Phonology
[edit | edit source]Runyankore has a five-vowel system:[4]
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | u | |
| Mid | e | o | |
| Open | a |
- Sounds /i, u/ can be heard as [ɪ, ʊ] when short or lax.
| Labial | Alveolar | Post- alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |||
| Plosive/ Affricate |
voiceless | p | t | t͡ʃ | k | ||
| voiced | b | d | d͡ʒ | g | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | h | ||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ||||
| Trill | r | ||||||
| Approximant | j | w | |||||
Orthography
[edit | edit source]- a - [a]
- b - [b]
- c - [t͡ʃ]
- d - [d]
- e - [e]
- f - [f]
- g - [g/d͡ʒ]
- h - [h]
- i - [i]
- k - [k/t͡ʃ]
- m - [m]
- n - [n]
- o - [o]
- p - [p]
- r - [r]
- s - [s]
- t - [t]
- u - [u]
- v - [v]
- w - [w]
- y - [j]
- z - [z]
- ai - [ai̯]
- ei - [ɛi̯]
- gy - [gʲ]
- ky - [kʲ]
- mp - [ᵐp]
- mw - [ᵐw]
- nd - [ⁿd]
- ng - [ŋ]
- ny - [ɲ]
- oi - [ɔi̯]
- sh - [ʃ]
- ts - [t͡s]
- zh - [ʒ][6]
D and P are only used in the digraphs ND and MP and in loanwords.
G and K are [d͡ʒ] and [t͡ʃ] before I, [k] and [g] elsewhere.
Basic greetings
[edit | edit source]
The greeting Agandi, implying, "How are you?" but literally meaning "other news!", can be replied with Ni marungi, which literally means "good news!".
The proper greetings are Oraire ota? or Osiibire ota?, literally translated "How was your night?" and "How was your day?". "Good night" is Oraare gye and "Good day" is Osiibe gye.
Here are a few names one might use in a greeting:
- Madam – Nyabo
- Sir – Sebo
- Child – omwana
- Boy – omwojo
- Girl – omwishiki
Food
[edit | edit source]- Matooke or Bananas - Ebitookye
- Maize Meal or corn bread – Obuhunga’Ensano’
- Beans – Ebihimba
- Meat – Enyama
- Millet Bread – Oburo
Other words and phrases
[edit | edit source]- No: Ngaaha (ing-gah-ha) or Apaana (ah-pah-nah)
- Yes: Yego (yegg-oh)
- Thank you: Webare (We-ba-re)
- Thank you very much: Webare munonga (We-ba-re mu-non-ga)
- You're welcome (literally: Thank you for appreciating): Webare kusiima (We-ba-re koo-see-mah)
- I like/love you: Ninkukunda (nin-koo-coon-dah) or ninkukunda munonga (nin-koo-coon-dah moo-non-gah)
- My name is ____: Eizina ryangye niinye ______ (ey-zeen-ah riya-gye ni-inye___) or ndi _____ (in-dee ______)
- I am from _____: Ninduga_____ (nin-doog-ah_____)
- It's how much shillings/money? Ni shiringi zingahi? (Knee shi-rin-gee zin-gah-hee) or ni sente zingahi?
- Good morning. How are you?
Oraire ota (orei-rota) Replies: I'm fine Ndaire gye (ndei-re-jeh) or Ndyaho (indi-aho)
- Good morning. Did you sleep well?
Oraire gye? (orei-reh-jeh) Reply: Yes, yourself? Yego, shan’iwe
- Good afternoon. How are you spending your day?
Osiibire ota (o-see-bee-rota) Replies: Nsiibire gye (insi-bi-reje)
- You are spending your day well?
Osiibire gye (Osi birejge) Replies: Yes- Yego (yegg-oh) or nsiibire gye
- Good afternoon. How has your day been?
Waasiiba ota (wasib-wota) Reply: Fine, good, I've spent it well – Naasiiba gye (nasi-baje)
- Good night: oraregye
See also
[edit | edit source]- Runyakitara language
- Ebyevugo, Runyankore poetry form
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Nkore at Ethnologue (22nd ed., 2019) Closed access icon
- ^ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
- ^ Glottopedia article on Nkore language.
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- ^ Standard English–Runyankore/Rukiga Dictionary – Mwene Mushanga, Ph.D. Banyankore Cultural Foundation, Mbarara, Uganda, 2004 English to Runyankole Easy Reading Handbook, Vincent Busulwa, 2000 Staff of Bishop Stuart Core Primary Teachers' College, Mbarara, Uganda
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a banyankore are bantu speaking group of people from South western Uganda and they speak Runyankore with (ntu) (aba) like akantu, ekintu, omuntu, abantu. Akantu means thing in prural, ekintu means something big, omuntu means a person, abantu means people same as in Zulu language of South Africa