Northern Dobruja

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Northern Dobruja
Dobrogea de Nord / Dobrogea (Romanian)
Северна Добруджа (Bulgarian)
Historical region of Romania
Coat of arms of Northern Dobruja
Coat of arms
File:Dobrogea.svg
  Northern Dobruja
CountryFile:Flag of Romania.svg Romania
Largest cityConstanța
Time zoneUTC+2 (EET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+3 (EEST)

Northern Dobruja (Romanian: Dobrogea de Nord or simply Dobrogea; Bulgarian: Северна Добруджа, Severna Dobrudzha) is the part of Dobruja within the borders of Romania. It lies between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, bordered in the south by Southern Dobruja, which is a part of Bulgaria.

History

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Further information: Dobruja § History
File:Arii protejate din Dobrogea.jpg
Protected archaeological and natural areas in Romanian Dobruja.
File:Dobrogea-cadrilater.png
Map of Romania and Bulgaria with Northern Dobruja highlighted in orange and Southern Dobruja highlighted in yellow.

Around 600 BC, the Greeks colonized the Black Sea shore and founded numerous fortresses: Tomis (today's Constanța), Callatis, Histria, Argamum, Heracleea, Aegysus. The Greeks engaged in trade with the Dacians who lived on the main land. Dobruja became a Roman province after the conquest of the Dacian Tribes. One of the best preserved remnants of this period is the Capidava fortress.[1]

Between the 7th and 14th century, Dobruja was part of the First Bulgarian Empire and the Second Bulgarian Empire.

For a long period in the 14–15th century, Dobruja became part of Wallachia. The territory fell under Ottoman rule from the mid-15th century until 1878, when it was awarded to Romania for its role in the 1877-78 Russo-Turkish War, and as compensation for the transfer of a region partly overlapping Southern Bessarabia.[2] Under the treaties of San Stefano and Berlin, Romania received Northern Dobruja while the newly restored Principality of Bulgaria received the smaller southern part of the region. After the Second Balkan War in 1913, Romania also annexed the Bulgarian Southern Dobruja, which it ruled until the signing of the 1940 Treaty of Craiova. The treaty was approved by Britain,[3] Vichy France, Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union and the United States.[4] It included a population exchange which removed the Bulgarian minority from Northern Dobruja, which was evacuated to the southern part. At the same time, the Romanians (including Aromanians and Megleno-Romanians) from Southern Dobruja were brought north of the border.[5][6][7] There also is a Csángó Hungarian village in Northern Dobruja, in the Constanța County, known as Oituz.[8]

Geography

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The territory of Northern Dobruja now forms the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a total area of 15,570 km2 and a current population of slightly under 900,000.[9]

Cities

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Rivers

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Lakes

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Danube Delta

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Main article: Danube Delta

The Danube Delta consists of numerous lakes. The most important ones are:

  • Roșu
  • Isac
  • Gorgova
  • Furtuna
  • Ledeanca
  • Tatanir
  • Merhel
  • Matița
  • Uzlina
  • Dranov
  • Lumina
  • Puiu
  • Puiuleț

Demographics

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Ethnic composition

The table below shows Romanian statistics throughout the years:

Ethnicity 1878[10] 1880[11] 1899[11] 1913[12] 19301[13] 1956[14] 1966[14] 1977[14] 1992[14] 2002[14] 2011[9] 2021[15]
All 225,692 139,671 258,242 380,430 437,131 593,659 702,461 863,348 1,019,766 971,643 897,165 849,352
Romanian 46,504 (21%) 43,671 (31%) 118,919 (46%) 216,425 (56.8%) 282,844 (64.7%) 514,331 (86.6%) 622,996 (88.7%) 784,934 (90.9%) 926,608 (90.8%) 883,620 (90.9%) 751,250 (83.7%) 657,438 (77.4%)
Bulgarian 30,177 (13,3%) 24,915 (17%) 38,439 (14%) 51,149 (13.4%) 42,070 (9.6%) 749 (0.13%) 524 (0.07%) 415 (0.05%) 311 (0.03%) 135 (0.01%) 58 (0.01%) 106 (0.01%)
Turkish 48,783 (21,6%) 18,624 (13%) 12,146 (4%) 20,092 (5.3%) 21,748 (5%) 11,994 (2%) 16,209 (2.3%) 21,666 (2.5%) 27,685 (2.7%) 27,580 (2.8%) 22,500 (2.5%) 17,114 (2%)
Tatar 71,146 (31,5%) 29,476 (21%) 28,670 (11%) 21,350 (5.6%) 15,546 (3.6%) 20,239 (3.4%) 21,939 (3.1%) 22,875 (2.65%) 24,185 (2.4%) 23,409 (2.4%) 19,720 (2.2%) 17,024 (2%)
Russian-Lipovan 12,748 (5,6%) 8,250 (6%) 12,801 (5%) 35,859 (9.4%) 26,210 (6%)² 29,944 (5%) 30,509 (4.35%) 24,098 (2.8%) 26,154 (2.6%) 21,623 (2.2%) 13,910 (1.6%) 12,094 (1.4%)
Ruthenian
(Ukrainian from 1956) 		455 (0.3%) 13,680 (5%) 33 (0.01%) 7,025 (1.18%) 5,154 (0.73%) 2,639 (0.3%) 4,101 (0.4%) 1,465 (0.1%) 1,177 (0.1%) 1,033 (0.1%)
Germans 1,134 (0,5%) 2,461 (1.7%) 8,566 (3%) 7,697 (2%) 12,023 (2.75%) 735 (0.12%) 599 (0.09%) 648 (0.08%) 677 (0.07%) 398 (0.04%) 166 (0.02%) 187 (0.02%)
Greek 3,480 (1,6%) 4,015 (2.8%) 8,445 (3%) 9,999 (2.6%) 7,743 (1.8%) 1,399 (0.24%) 908 (0.13%) 635 (0.07%) 1,230 (0.12%) 2,270 (0.23%) 1,447 (0.16%) 498 (0.06%)
Roma 702 (0.5%) 2,252 (0.87%) 3,263 (0.9%) 3,831 (0.88%) 1,176 (0.2%) 378 (0.05%) 2,565 (0.3%) 5,983 (0.59%) 8,295 (0.85%) 11,977 (1.3%) 10,556 (1.2%)
Unknown - - - - 134 327 95 - 7 67 72,488 (8%) 130,231 (15.3%)
1According to the 1926–1938 Romanian administrative division (counties of Constanța and Tulcea), which excluded a part of today's Romania (chiefly the communes of Ostrov and Lipnița, now part of Constanța County) and included a part of today's Bulgaria (parts of General Toshevo and Krushari municipalities)
2Only Russians. (Russians and Lipovans counted separately)

Symbols

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File:Stema Dobrogei.png
Coat of arms of the Romanian Dobruja

Northern Dobruja is represented by two dolphins in the coat of arms of Romania.

Starting with 2015, Romania observes Dobruja Day on November 14, marking the 1878 incorporation of Northern Dobruja into the Kingdom of Romania after the Treaty of Berlin.[16]

References

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  1. ^ [1]
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ The New York Times, July 26, 1940, "Britain recognizes the "fundamental justice" of Bulgaria's claim against Rumania for return of the wheat-growing section of Southern Dobruja"
  4. ^ Кузманова, Антонина. От Ньой до Крайова. Въпросът за Южна Добруджа в международните отношения /1919-1940/, София 1989, с. 287-288.
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  9. ^ a b 2011 census results per county, cities and towns Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ^ K. Karpat, : Correspondance Politique des Consuls. Turguie (Tulqa). 1 (1878) 280-82
  11. ^ a b G. Dănescu, Dobrogea (La Dobroudja). Étude de Géographie physique et ethnographique
  12. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  13. ^ Calculated from results of the 1930 census per county, taken from Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ a b c d e Calculated from statistics for the counties of Tulcea and Constanța from Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  15. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  16. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

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