Cyathea

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Not to be confused with Cyathium or Cyathus.

Cyathea
Temporal range:
Early Cretaceous – Present, 125.77–0 Ma [1] Possible Early Jurassic record.[2]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Division: Polypodiophyta
Class: Polypodiopsida
Order: Cyatheales
Family: Cyatheaceae
Genus: Cyathea
J. E. Smith, 1793
Species

See text.

Synonyms[3]
List
  • Hemistegia Lindig
  • J.Sm. Actinophlebia
  • C.Presl Amphicosmia
  • Gardner Chnoophora
  • Kaulf. C.Presl
  • Rchb. Newman
  • Caluff & Shelton C.Presl
  • J.Bommer C.Presl
  • K.I.Goebel Alderw.
  • Microstegnus Trachypremnon
  • Dichorexia Eatoniopteris
  • Gymnopremnon Hemitelia
  • C.Presl Lindig
  • Cnemidaria Cnemidopteris
  • Cormophyllum × Cyathidaria
  • C.Presl J.Bommer
  • Lindig R.Br.
  • R.M.Tryon C.Presl
  • Trichipteris Schizocaena
  • Thysanobotrya Nephelea
  • Acanthea Disphenia
  • Fourniera Hymenophyllopsis

Cyathea is a genus of tree ferns, the type genus of the fern order Cyatheales.

The genus name Cyathea is derived from the Greek kyatheion, meaning "little cup", and refers to the cup-shaped sori on the underside of the fronds.

Description

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The species of Cyathea are mostly terrestrial ferns, usually with a single tall stem. Rarely, the trunk may be branched or creeping. Many species also develop a fibrous mass of roots at the base of the trunk.[citation needed]

The genus has a pantropical distribution, with over 470 species. They grow in habitats ranging from tropical rain forests to temperate woodlands.[citation needed]

Classification

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Conant et al. in 1996, concluded on molecular cpDNA and morphological evidence that a system of three clades – Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris was the most accurate reflection of evolutionary lineages within the Cyatheaceae, Alsophila being the most basal and Cyathea and Sphaeropteris derived sister groups.[4] In the Pteridophyte Phylogeny Group classification of 2016 (PPG I), these are accepted as separate genera, Alsophila, Cyathea and Sphaeropteris.[5] Cnemidaria Presl, 1836 is a junior synonym or redundant subset.[6][7]

Species

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As of July 2021, World Ferns (Version 12.3) accepted the following species:[8]

Extinct species

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Eocene Cyathea inequilateralis Chuckanut Formation, Washington

References

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File:Dried Cyathea podophylla.jpg
Dried Cyathea podophylla.
  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ Cyathea Sm. Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  4. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Braggins, John E. and Large, Mark F. Tree Ferns. Timber Press (2004). Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ Cnemidaria world species list
  8. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

Notes

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Bibliography

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  • Christenhusz, M.J.M. (2009). New combinations and an overview of Cyathea subg. Hymenophyllopsis (Cyatheaceae). Phytotaxa 1: 37–42.
  • Lehnert, M. (2006). New species and records of tree ferns (Cyatheaceae, Pteridophyta) in the northern Andes. Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 6: 321–322, electronic supplement 13: 1–11.
  • Lehnert, M. (2009). Three new species of scaly tree ferns (Cyathea-Cyatheaceae) from the northern Andes. Phytotaxa 2: 43–56.
  • The International Plant Names Index
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