Muhammad Ghawth
Muhammad Ghawth | |||||
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| Personal life | |||||
| Born | Muhammad Ghawth Gwaliyari 1500 | ||||
| Died | 1562 (aged 61–62) Gwalior | ||||
| Occupation | Master of Sufism, author, musician | ||||
| Relatives | Attar of Nishapur (ancestor) | ||||
| Religious life | |||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
| Muslim leader | |||||
| Successor | Ali Sher Bengali | ||||
Students
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Muhammad Ghawth (Ghouse,[1] Ghaus or Gwath[2][3]) Gwaliyari (1500–1562) was a 16th-century Sufi master of the Shattari order and Sufi saint, a musician,[4] and the author of Jawahir-i Khams (Arabic: al-Jawahir al-Khams, The Five Jewels). The book mentioning the life and miracles of Gaus named " Heaven's witness" was written by Kugle.[5]
Biography
[edit | edit source]Muhammad Ghawth was born in Gwalior, India in 1500; the name Gwaliyari means "of Gwalior". One of his ancestors was Fariduddin Attar of Nishapur.[6] In the preface of al-Jawahir al-Khams, he states that he wrote the book when he was 25 years old. In 1549 he travelled to Gujarat, when he was 50 years old. He stayed in Ahmedabad for ten years where he founded Ek Toda Mosque and preached.[7]
Ghawth translated the Amrtakunda from Sanskrit to Persian as the Bahr al-Hayat (The Ocean of Life), introducing to Sufism a set of yoga practices. According to the scholar Carl W. Ernst, in this "translation", Ghawth intentionally reframed these practices with great subtlety to identify "points of contact between the terminologies of Yoga and Sufism".[8]
Ghawth died in Gwalior in 1562.[9] His followers believed that he ascended to heaven and from there was able to direct help down to them; and further, that he was the "axial saint, the pivot of the universe".[9][10]
"Among Ghawth's disciples is Fazl Allah Shattari (also known as Shah Fazl Shattari),[11] who wrote a biography[12] or monograph[13] in praise of his teacher.[13] Gwawth taught the Mughal Emperor Humayun.[14][15] Akbar's court musician Tansen was also familiar with Sufism.[4] Badusha, Abdul Qadir, Shahul Hamid Meeran sahib Ganjasavoy Ganja bakhsh Ganja makhfi of nagore Tamil Nadu and Wajihudden Haidar Ali Sani Hussaini Ulvi Gujrati is also one his important disciple. Muhammad Ghawth died in 1562 CE.[15] Ghawth's tomb, in Gwalior (a city in Madhya Pradesh in India), which was built in his honour by Akbar,[15] is a well-known tourist attraction and regarded as an excellent example of Mughal Architecture. Tansen was buried in Ghawth's tomb complex.[4]"
Tomb at Gwalior
[edit | edit source]His tomb at Gwalior is famous of its stone lattices (jali) work.[16] The entire structure is enclosed on all sides by the elaborately and delicately carved stone lattice work.[17]
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Ghawth's Jawahir al-Khams
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Ghawth's tomb in Gwalior
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South-east view of tomb
Sufi saeed Ali Shah was the former caretaker of the shrine.[18]
Works
[edit | edit source]- Jawahir-i-Khamsa (The Five Jewels) which was later translated to Arabic, al-Jawahir al-Khams, by the Mecca-based Shattari teacher Sibghat Allah (d. 1606 CE).[8] In this book Gaus also mentioned about the special creatures known as "Muakkil" which comes under the control of sufis by special Islam chant.[19]
- Bahr al-Hayat (The Ocean of Life), his translation and extension of Hawd al-Hayat (The Pool of Life), an Arabic translation of a lost Sanskrit text on yoga, the Amrtakunda.[20]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Shattari
- ^ Idries Shah, The Sufis Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Octagon Press 1989 pp 335, 367
- ^ Idries Shah, Tales of the Dervishes Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Octagon Press 1993 pp 111-112
- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). See google book search.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Reproduced from Sufi 29 (Spring 1996), pp 9-13.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). See Open library details.
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). See google book search.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). No ISBN. ASIN: B0006ERVCA.
- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). See google book search.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Jaalis Lattice Screens of India, Asavari Mohdiwale, Smita Agrawal, JETIR May 2021, Volume 8, Issue 5
- ^ sufishattari website 2007.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]| Part of a series on Islam Sufism |
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