Coordinates: 33°9′0″N 73°44′0″E / 33.15000°N 73.73333°E / 33.15000; 73.73333

Mirpur District

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For other places called Mirpur, see Mirpur (disambiguation).
Mirpur District
ضلع میرپور
District of Azad Kashmir administered by Pakistan[1]
Mirpur is the capital of Mirpur district
Mirpur is the capital of Mirpur district
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Interactive map of Mirpur district
Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir (shaded in green) in the disputed Kashmir region[1]
Pakistani-administered Azad Kashmir (shaded in green) in the disputed Kashmir region[1]
Coordinates (Mirpur, Azad Kashmir): Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
Administering countryPakistan
TerritoryAzad Kashmir
DivisionMirpur Division
HeadquartersMirpur
Government
 • TypeDistrict Administration
 • Deputy CommissionerN/A
 • District Police OfficerN/A
 • District Health OfficerN/A
Area
 • Total
1,010 km2 (390 sq mi)
Population
 (2017)
 • Total
456,200
 • Density452/km2 (1,170/sq mi)
Languages
 • OfficialUrdu[2]
 • Spoken
Number of Tehsils2

Mirpur District (Urdu: ضلع میرپور) is a district of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir in the disputed Kashmir region.[1] It is one of the 10 districts of Pakistan's territory of Azad Kashmir.[3] The Mirpur District is bounded on the north by the Kotli District, on the east by the Bhimber District, on the south by the Gujrat District of Punjab, Pakistan, on the south-west by the Jhelum District of Punjab, Pakistan, and on the west by Rawalpindi District. The district is named after its main city, Mirpur. The Mirpur District has a population of 456,200[4] and covers an area of 1,010 km2 (390 sq mi). The district is mainly mountainous with some plains. The Mirpur District has a humid subtropical climate[5] which closely resembles that of the Gujrat District and the Jhelum District, the adjoining districts of Pakistan's Punjab Province.

File:Pakistan - Azad Kashmir - Mirpur.svg
Map of Azad Kashmir with the Mirpur District highlighted in red

History

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File:Pakistan - Azad Kashmir - Mirpur (division).svg
Azad Kashmir with the Mirpur Division (roughly coterminous with the pre-1947 Mirpur District) highlighted in red

During the British Raj, the Mirpur District was one of the five districts of the Jammu Province in the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.[6][7] According to the 1941 census, the it had a population of 386,655, roughly 80% of whom were Muslim and 16% of whom were Hindu.[8] It consisted of three tehsils: the Bhimber Tehsil, the Kotli Tehsil, and the Mirpur Tehsil.[9] The Bhimber Tehsil and the Kotli Tehsil were subsequently promoted to district status. The three districts presently constitute the Mirpur Division of Azad Kashmir. Small portions of the former Mirpur District were included in the Rajouri District of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.

The original Mirpur District, along with the Poonch District and the Rajouri District, had close geographic, ethnic, and cultural ties with the West Punjab area, more so than with the city of Jammu and the rest of the Jammu Province. Due to those reasons, scholar Christopher Snedden stated that the people of Mirpur area had a strong desire to join Pakistan during the partition.[10]

In November 1947, the Mirpur District was the site of the Mirpur Massacre, where many Hindus, Sikhs, and refugees from the partition, were killed by armed Pakistani tribesmen and soldiers.[11]

Language and ethnicity

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The main language, native to an estimated 85% of the district's population,[12] is known under a number of sometimes ambiguous names. Its speakers call it with various names: Pahari, Mirpur Pahari, Mirpuri, and Pothwari,[13] while some label it as Punjabi.[14] Sociolinguists have regarded it as one of the three major dialects of the Pahari-Pothwari language complex,[15] which is intermediate between Lahnda and Punjabi.[16] Mirpur Pahari is mutually intelligible with the other two major dialects – Pothwari of the Potohar Plateau in the Punjab Province and the Pahari spoken to the north in Azad Kashmir and around Murree – and shares with them between 77% and 84% of its basic vocabulary,[17] although the difference with the northernmost varieties (in Muzaffarabad) is sufficient to impede understanding.[18] Mirpuri speakers have a strong sense of Kashmiri identity that takes precedence over linguistic identification with closely related groups outside of Azad Kashmir, such as the Punjabis of the Pothohar.[19][20]

The Gujari language is spoken by an estimated 10% of the population.[12] The local dialect is closely related to the Gujari varieties spoken in the rest of Azad Kashmir and in the Hazara region.[21] Other languages spoken include Urdu and English.

Government

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The district is administratively subdivided into two tehsils:[22]

Villages

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Notable villages in the district include:

Dadyal Tehsil

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Mirpur Tehsil

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References

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  1. ^ a b c The application of the term "administered" to the various regions of Kashmir and a mention of the Kashmir dispute is supported by the tertiary sources (a) through (e), reflecting due weight in the coverage. Although "controlled" and "held" are also applied neutrally to the names of the disputants or to the regions administered by them, as evidenced in sources (h) through (i) below, "held" is also considered politicized usage, as is the term "occupied," (see (j) below).
    (a) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (subscription required) Quote: "Kashmir, region of the northwestern Indian subcontinent ... has been the subject of dispute between India and Pakistan since the partition of the Indian subcontinent in 1947. The northern and western portions are administered by Pakistan and comprise three areas: Azad Kashmir, Gilgit, and Baltistan, the last two being part of a territory called the Northern Areas. Administered by India are the southern and southeastern portions, which constitute the state of Jammu and Kashmir but are slated to be split into two union territories.";
    (b) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). (subscription required) Quote: "Aksai Chin, Chinese (Pinyin) Aksayqin, portion of the Kashmir region, at the northernmost extent of the Indian subcontinent in south-central Asia. It constitutes nearly all the territory of the Chinese-administered sector of Kashmir that is claimed by India to be part of the Ladakh area of Jammu and Kashmir state.";
    (c) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). C. E Bosworth, University of Manchester Quote: "KASHMIR, kash'mer, the northernmost region of the Indian subcontinent, administered partlv by India, partly by Pakistan, and partly by China. The region has been the subject of a bitter dispute between India and Pakistan since they became independent in 1947";
    (d) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Quote: "Jammu and Kashmir: Territory in northwestern India, subject to a dispute between India and Pakistan. It has borders with Pakistan and China."
    (e) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Quote: "We move from a disputed international border to a dotted line on the map that represents a military border not recognized in international law. The line of control separates the Indian and Pakistani administered areas of the former Princely State of Jammu and Kashmir.";
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    (h) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Quote: "J&K: Jammu and Kashmir. The former princely state that is the subject of the Kashmir dispute. Besides IJK (Indian-controlled Jammu and Kashmir. The larger and more populous part of the former princely state. It has a population of slightly over 10 million, and comprises three regions: Kashmir Valley, Jammu, and Ladakh.) and AJK ('Azad" (Free) Jammu and Kashmir. The more populous part of Pakistani-controlled J&K, with a population of approximately 2.5 million.), it includes the sparsely populated "Northern Areas" of Gilgit and Baltistan, remote mountainous regions which are directly administered, unlike AJK, by the Pakistani central authorities, and some high-altitude uninhabitable tracts under Chinese control."
    (i) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Quote: "Kashmir’s identity remains hotly disputed with a UN-supervised “Line of Control” still separating Pakistani-held Azad (“Free”) Kashmir from Indian-held Kashmir.";
    (j) Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Quote:"Some politicised terms also are used to describe parts of J&K. These terms include the words 'occupied' and 'held'."
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ - Government Website
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  5. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  6. ^ Karim 2013, pp. 29–32.
  7. ^ Behera 2007, p. 15.
  8. ^ Snedden 2001, p. 118.
  9. ^ Snedden 2001, p. 112.
  10. ^ Snedden 2001, p. 120.
  11. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  12. ^ a b Shakil 2012.
  13. ^ Lothers & Lothers 2010, pp. 2–3, 5, 19, 100.
  14. ^ Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 44.
  15. ^ Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 2.
  16. ^ Shackle 1979, p. 201.
  17. ^ Lothers & Lothers 2010, pp. 2, 24.
  18. ^ Lothers & Lothers 2010, p. 86.
  19. ^ Shackle 2007, p. 114.
  20. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  21. ^ Hallberg & O'Leary 1992, pp. 111–12. The variety surveyed is from Kotli, to the north of Mirpur District
  22. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).

Bibliography

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