Frontonasal process
| Frontonasal process | |
|---|---|
| File:Gray44.png Under surface of the head of a human embryo about twenty-nine days old. (Frontonasal process labeled at center left.) | |
| Details | |
| Precursor | Ectoderm |
| Identifiers | |
| TA98 | Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 746: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| TH | {{#property:P1694}} |
| TE | {{#property:P1693}} |
| FMA | {{#property:P1402}} |
| Anatomical terminology [[[d:Lua error in Module:Wikidata at line 865: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).|edit on Wikidata]]] | |
The frontonasal process, or frontonasal prominence is one of the five swellings that develop to form the face. The frontonasal process is unpaired, and the others are the paired maxillary prominences, and the paired mandibular prominences. During the fourth week of embryonic development, an area of thickened ectoderm develops, on each side of the frontonasal process called the nasal placodes or olfactory placodes, and appear immediately under the forebrain.[1]
By invagination these areas are converted into two nasal pits, which indent the frontonasal prominence and divide it into medial and lateral nasal processes.[2]
Nasal processes
[edit | edit source]
The medial nasal process (nasomedial) on the inner side of each nasal pit merge into the intermaxillary segment and form the upper lip, crest, and tip of the nose.[1] The medial nasal processes merge with the maxillary prominences. The lateral nasal process from each side merge to form the alae of the nose.[1]
Clinical significance
[edit | edit source]Failure to fuse can cause a cleft lip.[1]
Genetics
[edit | edit source]There is some evidence that development involves Sonic hedgehog and Fibroblast growth factor 8.[3]
References
[edit | edit source]Public domain This article incorporates text in the public domain from the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)
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External links
[edit | edit source]- hednk-027—Embryo Images at University of North Carolina
- Flash animation at indiana.edu
- ent/30 at eMedicine
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