Marind–Yaqai languages
| Marind–Yaqai | |
|---|---|
| Marind | |
| Geographic distribution | South Papua |
| Ethnicity | Marind people |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea |
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| Glottolog | mari1437 |
| ELP | Lua error in Module:Endangered_Languages_Project at line 21: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| File:Marind languages.svg Map: The Marind–Yaqai languages of New Guinea
The Marind and Yaqai languages
Other Trans–New Guinea languages
Other Papuan languages
Austronesian languages
Uninhabited | |
The Marind–Yaqai (Marind–Yakhai) languages are a well established language family of Papuan languages, spoken by the Marind-anim. They form part of the Trans–New Guinea languages in the classifications of Stephen Wurm and Malcolm Ross, and were established as part of the Anim branch of TNG by Timothy Usher.
Languages
[edit | edit source]The languages are:
- Marind–Yaqai
Proto-language
[edit | edit source]Phonemes
[edit | edit source]Usher (2020) reconstructs the consonant inventory as follows:[2]
*m *n *p *t *k *b *d *g *mb *nd *ŋg *s *h *w *ɾ *j *ɣ
Vowels are *a *e *i *o *u.
Pronouns
[edit | edit source]The pronouns are:[1]
sg pl 1 *nok ? 2 *oɣ *eoɣ 3m *anep *anip 3f *anup
Classification
[edit | edit source]The Marind languages were partially identified by Sidney Herbert Ray and JHP Murray in 1918; the family was filled out by JHMC Boelaars in 1950. It was incorporated into Trans–New Guinea by Stephen Wurm in 1975.
The Boazi languages were formerly classified as Marind.
Evolution
[edit | edit source]Marind reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma:[3]
- kase ‘saliva’ < pTNG *kasipa ‘spit’
- maŋgat ‘mouth’ < *maŋgat[a]
- mudu-meŋ ‘belly’ < *mundu-maŋgV ‘heart’
- mokom ‘fruit, seed’ < *maŋgV
- saŋga ‘hand, finger, arm’ < *sa(ŋg,k)(a,i)l ‘hand, claw’
- sâ ‘sand’ < *sa(ŋg,k)asiŋ
- de ‘tree’ < *inda
- iwar ‘wind’ < *kumbutu
- kuyu ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
See also
[edit | edit source]Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Drabbe, Petrus. 1950. Twee dialecten van de Awju-taal [Two dialects of the Awyu language]. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 106: 92–147.
- Drabbe, Petrus. 1954a. Comparative Vocabulary 100 words in 24 languages. Posieux/Fribourg: Instituut Anthropos.
- Drabbe, Petrus. 1954b. Talen en dialecten van zuid-west Nieuw-Guinea [Languages and Dialects of Southwest New Guinea]. Posieux/Fribourg: Instituut Anthropos.
- Drabbe, Petrus. 1955. Spraakkunst van het Marind: Zuidkust Nederlands Nieuw-Guinea [A Grammar of Marind: South Coast of New Guinea]. Wien-Mödling: Drukkerij van het Missiehuis St. Gabriël.
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b New Guinea World, Fly River[dead link]
- ^ New Guinea World, Marind–Yakhai
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Timothy Usher, New Guinea World, Proto–Marind–Yakhai