MAT-49

Pistolet-Mitrailleur de 9 mm modèle 1949 (MAT-49)
MAT-49 on display. This weapon has the front grip lowered in firing position, but lacks a magazine.
Type	Submachine gun
Place of origin	France
Service history
In service	1949–Present
Used by	See Users
Wars	First Indochina War Korean War Suez Crisis 1958 Lebanon Crisis Algerian War Vietnam War Laotian Civil War Cambodian Civil War Sino-Vietnamese War Portuguese Colonial War Basque conflict Rhodesian Bush War Western Sahara War Shaba II Chadian–Libyan conflict Lebanese Civil War Algerian Civil War Libyan Civil War Syrian Civil War Northern Mali conflict Central African Republic Civil War (2012–present)
Production history
Designer	Pierre Monteil
Designed	1947-1949
Manufacturer	Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Tulle Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne
Produced	1949–1973
No. built	~ 100,000
Variants	See Variants
Specifications
Mass	3.5 kg (7.7 lb) without magazine 4.2 kg (9.3 lb) with 32-round magazine
Length	460 mm (18 in) 720 mm (28 in)
Barrel length	230 mm (9.1 in)
Cartridge	9×19mm Parabellum 7.62×25mm Tokarev (PAVN converted)
Caliber	9mm
Action	Blowback, open bolt
Rate of fire	600 rounds/min
Effective firing range	100 m (110 yd)
Feed system	20 or 32 rounds 35 rounds (PAVN converted)
Sights	Iron sights

The MAT-49 is a submachine gun which was developed by the French arms factory Manufacture Nationale d'Armes de Tulle (MAT) for use by the French Army. It was first produced in 1949 and remained in French service until it was phased out following the adoption of the FAMAS assault rifle in 1979.

Development

In 1949, after evaluating several other submachine gun prototypes (including a collapsible design from Hotchkiss), the French MAT factory began production of the MAT-49 9×19mm Parabellum submachine gun. The MAT-49 used a machine stamping process which allowed for the economical production of large numbers of submachine guns, then urgently required by the French Government for use by Army, French Foreign Legion as well as airborne and colonial forces to meet the need for a compact weapon.

Production continued at MAT until the mid-1960s, then switched to the Manufacture d'armes de Saint-Étienne plant (MAS), where the weapon was produced until 1973. In 1979, the French armed forces adopted the FAMAS 5.56 mm NATO assault rifle, and the MAT-49 was gradually phased out of service.

Usage

Paratroopers of the 2e REP from the French Foreign Legion storming Kolwezi in 1978.

The MAT-49 saw widespread combat use during the First Indochina War and the Algerian War, as well as the 1956 Suez Crisis. The weapon found considerable favor with airborne forces and mechanized troops, who prized it for its simplicity, ruggedness, firepower and compactness.

After French forces left Indochina, the People's Army of Vietnam and Viet Minh continued to use many captured MAT-49s into the Vietnam War. Some were converted to the Soviet 7.62 mm Tokarev pistol cartridge, then available in large quantities from the Soviet Union and the People's Republic of China. These converted versions could be distinguished by a longer barrel and a higher rate of fire at 900 rpm.

North Vietnam covertly provided MAT-49s to anti-French occupation groups during the Algerian War after the French left Indochina.

Overview

The MAT-49 had a short, retractable wire stock, which when extended gave the weapon a length of 720 mm (28 in), and the magazine well and magazine could be folded forward parallel to the barrel for parachute jump or with a 45° angle hence allowing a safe carry until the magazine well is brought back to vertical position before opening fire. Barrel length is 230 mm (9.1 in), with the MAT-49/54 manufactured with extended barrels and non-retractable wooden stocks. As issued, the MAT-49 fires a 9×19mm Parabellum cartridge, using a single-column 20-round magazine for desert use or 32-round similar to the Sten magazine.

The MAT-49 is blowback-operated and box magazine-fed, with a cyclic rate of fire of 600 rounds per minute. Some of the MAT 49/54s, modified MAT-49s manufactured for police forces, had two triggers, allowing use of full-auto fire or single shots, but most were manufactured as full-auto only. Minus magazine, the MAT-49 weighs about 3.5 kilograms (7.7 pounds), which is heavy for a submachine gun. The weapon incorporates a grip safety which is located on the backside of the pistol grip. The rear sights are flip-up and L-shaped, and marked for a range of 50 and 100 meters (55 and 109 yd). Production ceased before the introduction of the FAMAS assault rifle in 1979.

Variants

• MAS-48 - prototype variant.
• MAT-49 - main variant.
• MAT-49/54 - gendarme variant with extended barrel and fixed wooden stock with a sling bar.
• MAT-49 silenced - variant fitted with a suppressor.
• MAT-49 M - variant modified by the Viet Minh, firing in 7.62×25mm Tokarev. It had a longer barrel, modified 35-round magazine, and a higher rate of fire (900 rpm). It was distinguished from the 9mm version by having a letter "K" stamped on the top of the receiver's endcap and the side of the compatible magazines. Spare parts were still produced in the early 1970s, the gun being used by the Viet Cong.

• 
  MAT-49: left and right views; view with stock retracted and magazine in safe position
• 
  Police MAT-49/54 model

Users

Togolese sailors equipped with MAT-49 in 2007.

Map with MAT-49 users in blue

• Algeria
• Barbados
• Benin
• Bolivia
• Burkina Faso
• Burundi
• Central African Republic
• Chad
• Comoros
• Republic of the Congo
• Cote d'Ivoire
• Djibouti
• Equatorial Guinea
• France: Adopted by the French army in 1949. Also used by the National Gendarmerie.
• Gabon
• Guinea
• Guinea Bissau
• Iran: Used in small numbers by the Shahrbani.
• Kingdom of Laos: Received from French government during First Indochina War.
• Laos
• Lebanon
• Madagascar
• Mali - Armed and Security Forces of Mali
• Mauritania
• Morocco
• Niger
• Senegal
• Seychelles
• Syria: used by police and special forces
• Turkey: Captured MAT-49s donated to Village guards.
• Togo
• Tunisia
• Vietnam: used 9mm and 7.62mm MAT-49s.

Non-state entities

• File:Flag of Libya.svg National Liberation Army (Libya)
• File:Flag of ZANU-PF.svg Zimbabwe African National Liberation Army
• File:Flag of North Vietnam (1945-1955).svg Viet Minh, known as Tuyn, from the name of the manufacturer (Tulle).
• ETA: Produced unlicensed copies of existing weapons in an underground workshop at Mouguerre after it was raided by police.
• File:Flag of the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic.svg Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
• FRELIMO
• Séléka
• Viet Cong

See also

• Gevarm D4
• Halcón ML-63
• Hotchkiss Type Universal
• Sola submachine gun
• Vigneron submachine gun
• MAS-38 replaced in the 1950s by the MAT-49 submachine gun.