Outline of scientific method
(Redirected from List of scientific method topics)
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to the scientific method:
Scientific method – body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. It is based on observable, empirical, reproducible, measurable evidence, and subject to the laws of reasoning.
Nature of scientific method
[edit | edit source]| Scientific method |
|---|
| Background |
| Scientific community |
| Characterization |
Elements of scientific method
[edit | edit source]Observation
[edit | edit source]Hypothesis
[edit | edit source]Experiment
[edit | edit source]- Laboratory
- Laboratory techniques
- Design of experiments
- Scientific control
- Natural experiment
- Observational study
- Field experiment
- Self-experimentation
- Placebo effect
Theory
[edit | edit source]Prediction
[edit | edit source]- Prediction
- Bayesian inference – subjective use of statistical reasoning
- Deductive reasoning
- Retrodiction
Evaluation by scientific community
[edit | edit source]Scientific method concepts
[edit | edit source]Empirical methods
[edit | edit source]Use of statistics
[edit | edit source]- Uncomfortable science — Inference from a limited sample of data
- Exploratory data analysis
- Confirmatory data analysis
Paradigm change
[edit | edit source]Problem of induction
[edit | edit source]The problem of induction questions the logical basis of scientific statements.
- Inductive reasoning appears to lie at the core of the scientific method, yet also appears to be invalid.
- David Hume was the person who first pointed out the problem of induction.
- Karl Popper offered one solution, Falsifiability
Scientific creativity
[edit | edit source]Deviations from the scientific method
[edit | edit source]Critique of scientific method
[edit | edit source]- Paul Feyerabend argued that the search for a definitive scientific method was misplaced and even counterproductive.
- Imre Lakatos attempted to bridge the gap between Popper and Kuhn.
- Sociology of scientific knowledge
- Scientism
Relationship of scientific method to technology
[edit | edit source]Aesthetics in the scientific method
[edit | edit source]History of scientific method
[edit | edit source]
Publications
[edit | edit source]- Ibn al-Haytham's Book of Optics
- Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine
- Roger Bacon's Opus Majus
- Francis Bacon's Novum Organum
- Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Persons influential in the development of scientific method
[edit | edit source]See also
[edit | edit source]- Bayesian probability
- Epistemology
- Post-processual archaeology is a methodological curiosity from Archaeology.
- Structuralism
- Physical law
External links
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