Kirengellida
| Kirengellida Temporal range:
| |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Brachiopoda (?) |
| Order: | †Kirengellida |
| Family: | †Kirengellidae Rozov 1975 |
The Kirengellids are a group of problematic Cambrian fossil shells of marine organisms. The shells bear a number of paired muscle scars on the inner surface of the valve.
These fossils have conventionally been regarded as monoplacophoran molluscs, and possibly ancestral to gastropods or cephalopods.[1] They were presumed to be exogastric on the presumption that their larger muscle scars were anterior,[2][3] but it may be dangerous to compare these scars with molluscan musculature.[4] In any case, they coiled in the opposite direction to Romaniella.[4] However, their calcitic shells, the position of the muscle scars, and putative association with secondary shell elements, make a brachiopod affinity possible, by analogy with the mobergellans: a group of phosphatic shells from the same time period, with a similar set of muscle scars.[4] There is also strong similarity to the contemporary brachiopod group, the Craniopsids. In the case of this diagnosis, a simple lophophore apparatus is postulated to sit between the muscle scars and the edges of the shell.[4] On the other hand, Vendrasco (2012) reaffirmed the interpretation of the kirengellids as molluscs, noting that the Kirengella muscle scar pattern is also similar to what occurs in monoplacophorans.[5][6] Bouchet et al. (2017) classified Kirengellida as an order within the subclass Tergomya.[7]
Included taxa
[edit | edit source]After [4]: fig. 5
- Kirengella Rozov, 1968 (Upper Cambrian)
- † Kirengella alta Whitfield 1889
- Kirengella ayaktchica - type species
- Kirengella expansus
- † Kirengella kultavasaensis Doguzhaeva 1972
- Kirengella oregonensis
- Kirengella pyramidalis
- † Kirengella rectilateralis Berkey 1898
- † Kirengella stabilis Berkey 1898
- Kirengella washingtonense
- Hypseloconus (Upper Cambrian)
- Lenaella (Tremadoc / Lower Ordovician)
- Nyuella (Tremadoc / Lower Ordovician)
- Romaniella (Arenig / late Lower Ordovician)
- Moyerokania (Arenig / late Lower Ordovician)
- Angarella (Arenig / late Lower Ordovician)
- Pygmaeoconus (Llanvirn / early Middle Ordovician)
References
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- S. N. Rozov. 1975. A new order of the Monoplacophora. Paleontological Journal 15(1):39-43
- G.P. Wahlman. 1992. Middle and Upper Ordovician symmetrical univalved mollusks (Monoplacophora and Bellerophontina) of the Cincinnati Arch region. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 1066(O):1-123
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