Arbutus andrachne
| Arbutus andrachne | |
|---|---|
| File:Ericaceae - Arbutus andrachne.JPG | |
| Tree of Arbutus andrachne at Orto Botanico dell'Università di Genova | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Ericales |
| Family: | Ericaceae |
| Genus: | Arbutus |
| Species: | A. andrachne
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| Binomial name | |
| Arbutus andrachne | |
| File:Arbutus andrachne range.svg | |
| Distribution map. | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Arbutus andrachne, commonly called the Greek strawberry tree, is an evergreen shrub or small tree in the family Ericaceae, native to the Mediterranean region and the Middle East.
Description
[edit | edit source]Arbutus andrachne can reach a height of about 12 metres (39 ft). The smooth bark exfoliates during the summer, leaving a layer with a pistachio green colour, which changes gradually to an orange brown. The flowers bloom in spring and are white or yellowish green.
Its fruits ripen in autumn. Their size is 1-1.2 cm.[3] They are edible and taste somewhat sweet and astringent, rich in vitamin C, polyphenols, and natural sugars(16gr/100gr of fruit). The astringency is more pronounced when the fruit is not fully ripe. They are used to make jams and liqueurs.[4] When left to dry in a cool place, are eaten as sweet, chewy candy.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The etymology of the species name corresponds to the Ancient Greek word ἀνδράχνη (andrákhnē), meaning "wild strawberry",[5][6] and refers to the common name of the tree and to its fruits.
Horticulture
[edit | edit source]Arbutus andrachne was reported by Peter Collinson as having flowered first in England in Dr John Fothergill's extensive botanical garden and greenhouses at Upton House, Essex (now West Ham Park), in 1765.[7]
Hybrids
[edit | edit source]- Arbutus x andrachnoides Link, 1821 is a hybrid between A. andrachne and A. unedo.[8][9]
- Arbutus x thuretiana Demoly, nothosp. nov. is a hybrid between A. andrachne and A. canariensis.[8] Named after Gustave Thuret, it is naturalised at Jardin botanique de la Villa Thuret.[10] A. x thuretiana is renowned for its perfectly smooth, reddish-brown bark, exfoliating in the spring to show a new, surprisingly pistachio-green bark, which gradually darkens and turns reddish again.[8]
Uses
[edit | edit source]According to a research study published in 2017, the fruit's antioxidants contain a variety of chemicals that have a defensive effect against memory impairment where the antioxidants normalize the long- and short-term memory impairment caused from sleep deprivation.[11][12]
In culture
[edit | edit source]A book about travel in the Middle East states of 15th-century travel writer Bertrandon de la Broquière:
On leaving Bursa ... There was on the road a small tree bearing a fruit somewhat bigger than our largest cherries, and of the shape and taste of strawberries, but a little acid. It is pleasant to eat; but, if a great quantity be eaten, it mounts to the head, and intoxicates. It is ripe in November and December." Editor's footnote: "From the description, it seems to be the arbutus Andrachne.[13]
The tree appears to exist in Dibbeen Forest Reserve in Jordan with its distinctive reddish bark that appears more red during and immediately after rain. Locals confirm that the fruits have narcotic-like effect.[citation needed] The fruits are reddish and sweet but taste more like figs.Lua error: not enough memory.
Gallery
[edit | edit source]-
Plant of Arbutus andrachne
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Flowers and leaves
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Bark
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Fruits
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The hybrid Arbutus x andrachnoides
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The hybrid Arbutus x thuretiana
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Arbutus andrachne In Israel
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References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Species was first described and published in Systema Naturae, ed. 10. 2: 1024. 1759. Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
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- ^ Ann Leighton, American Gardens in the Eighteenth Century: 'For Use or Delight' , 1976:395; Leighton misidentifies it with Arbutus unedo; Georg Dionysius Ehret, "A description of the Andrachne" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 57 (1767)
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. at Wikimedia Commons
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Arbutus andrachne at Wikispecies
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