Grand Prince Nŭngwŏn
| Grand Prince Nŭngwŏn | |
|---|---|
| Prince of Joseon | |
| Reign | 1608 – 4 May 1623? |
| Coronation | 1608 |
| Predecessor | Prince Nŭngp'ung |
| Successor | Grand Prince Nŭngch'ang |
| Grand Prince of Joseon | |
| Reign | 4 May 1623 – 26 January 1656 |
| Coronation | 4 May 1623 |
| Predecessor | Grand Prince Nŭngyang |
| Successor | Grand Prince Nŭngch'ang |
| Born | 15 May 1598 Seongcheon, Pyeongan-do, Joseon |
| Died | 26 January 1656 (aged 57) His sister in-law's manor, Yihyeon, Hanseong-bu, Yangju-si, Gyeonggi Province, Joseon |
| Burial | "Grand Prince Neungwon Mausoleum", Nokchon-ri, Hwado-eup, Namyangju-si, Gyeonggi Province[citation needed] |
| Spouse | Grand Princess Consort Munhwa of the Munhwa Yu clan Grand Princess Consort of the Yeongam Kim clan |
| House | House of Yi |
| Father | Wŏnjong (biological) Yi Sŏng, Prince Ŭian (adopted) |
| Mother | Queen Inhŏn of the Neungseong Gu clan |
| Korean name | |
| Hangul | 이보 |
| Hanja | 李俌 |
| RR | I Bo |
| MR | I Po |
| Royal title | |
| Hangul | 능원대군 |
| Hanja | 綾原大君 |
| RR | Neungwon daegun |
| MR | Nŭngwŏn taegun |
| Art name | |
| Hangul | 담은당 |
| Hanja | 湛恩堂 |
| RR | Dameundang |
| MR | Tamŭndang |
| Courtesy name | |
| Hangul | 경숙 |
| Hanja | 敬叔 |
| RR | Gyeongsuk |
| MR | Kyŏngsuk |
| Posthumous name | |
| Hangul | 정효 |
| Hanja | 貞孝 |
| RR | Jeonghyo |
| MR | Chŏnghyo |
Grand Prince Nŭngwŏn (Korean: 능원대군; Hanja: 綾原大君; 15 May 1598 – 26 January 1656[a]), personal name Yi Po (이보; 李俌) was a Korean politician of the late Joseon period. He was also a Korean Royal Prince as the second son of Wonjong of Joseon and Queen Inheon of the Neungseong Ku clan.[1] He was the younger brother of Injo of Joseon.[1]
Biography
[edit | edit source]Early life
[edit | edit source]The future Grand Prince Nŭngwŏn was born on 15 May 1598 (31st year reign of Seonjo of Joseon) in Seongcheon, Pyeongan-do, Joseon as the second son of Prince Jeongwon (정원군; 定遠君) and Princess Consort Yeonju of the Neungseong Ku clan (연주군부인; 連珠郡夫人)[citation needed] during the late Imjin War period. Since child, he was spent a brief childhood in Pyeongyang-si, Pyeongan-do and grew up in his father's private residence in Hanseong-bu.
Meanwhile, later in 1608 (41st year reign of his grandfather, Seonjo of Joseon), at 11 years old, Bo was adopted as his 1st uncle, Prince Ŭian (의안군)'s son.[1] However, Prince Ŭian at 12 years old and later, in 1601, Bo was given royal title Master Nŭngwŏn (능원수; 綾原守) at first and later changed into Prince Nŭngwŏn (능원군) in 1608.[1]
During Gwanghaegun of Joseon's reign
[edit | edit source]This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2021) |
In 1608 (Gwanghaegun's ascension to the throne), immediately after Yu Yŏnggyŏng's (유영경) death in prison, the prince become of Jeongunwonjonggongsin rank 1 (Lua error: not enough memory.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). Later, in 1613 (5th year reign of Gwanghaegun), after Prince Imhae was imprisoned, he became Iksawonjonggongsin rank 1 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). However, 4 years later in 1617 (10th year reign of Gwanghaegun), he was participated in the discussion on the abolition of Dowager Queen Inmok as the senior person in the palace. Other bureaucrats whom participated in these discussion were punished, but he wasn't got punished.
During Injo of Joseon's reign
[edit | edit source]Later, on 13 March 1623, his big brother, Prince Nŭngyang make a rebellion and then ascended the throne.[2] However, when their youngest brother, Grand Prince Nŭngch'ang was exiled to Gyo-dong on charges of treason in 1615 (7th year reign of Gwanghaegun of Joseon), he was immediately killed and died in there.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Heard if the youngest brother was death, their father, Wonjong was so heartbroken over this and while drinking the alcohol, he died on 2 February 1619 (11st year reign of Gwanghaegun of Joseon) at 40 years old.
Then, on 22 December in the same year, Nŭngwŏn became an officer in Sodeokdaebu (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). However, in March 1625 (Injo's 3rd year reign), a man named Chŏng Yŏngsin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), the servant of Nŭngwŏn's adopted father was beaten and got killed.[3]
At this time, there were some ministers accused him, but Injo only believed the words of the servants who betrayed him and didn't conducted the investigation fairly, instead ordered the ministers to left.[2] Afterwards, both of Yun Sunji (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) and Kim Yu (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) were filed an appeal for fear that the state's words would be blocked and Injo then apologized for being too excessive.[4]
However, on 28 November 1625 (Injo's 3rd year reign), when his mother, Lady Kyeun (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) became critically ill, Injo specially offered Hyŏlloktaebu (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) to Nŭngwŏn in order to comfort his biological mother.[1] Later, when their mother died on 10 February 1626, Nŭngwŏn become the resident instead of Injo.[5] Numerous ministers argued that Nŭngwŏn, who had already been adopted by Prince Ŭian, couldn't be Lady Kyeun resident, but Injo didn't grant permission and refused it. After that, Nŭngwŏn must faced a difficult life because he was being dismissed from the office and must divorced from his wife, Lady Yu (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) because her father was failed in conspiracy to make Prince Inseong (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.),[6] the first son of Seonjo of Joseon and Royal Noble Consort Jeong of the Yeoheung Min clan as the new King to succeed Gwanghae in the throne, so King Injo demanded him to divorced from her. At first, he refused this, but later removed her title and demoted to just be his concubine (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). Although that, she can still able to lived in his home.
Meanwhile, when Injo concerned about his small house, Injo fell wrong with this[7] and gave him a special palace in Yihyeon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), Hanseong-bu as his house.[2] Later, on 17 September 1628 (Injo's 5th year reign), Nŭngwŏn became Somuwonjonggongsin rank 1 (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.).Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
After military service and ranks
[edit | edit source]Later, after Injo's ascension to the throne, their father was honoured as King Wonjong (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) and their mother was honoured as Queen Inheon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.). Then, on 4 May 1623 (Injo's 10th year reign), he was honoured as Grand Prince Nŭngwŏn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) along with his younger brother who died as Grand Prince Nŭngch'ang (Korean: Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Hanja: Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.).[8] In 1645 (Injo's 23rd year reign), he received a portion of the envoys from Dorgon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) who was the Prince regent of Qing dynasty.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
Later, in September 1646 (24th year reign of Injo of Joseon), after Sim Kiwŏn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)'s rebellion case was ended, Nŭngwŏn became Yeonggukgongsin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)[2] and then Yeonggukwonjonggongsin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) in September 1646 (Injo's 24th year reign).
Faction
[edit | edit source]Famous figures of his faction (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) were such as the politician Yi Chinyong (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) and the playwright Yi Haerang (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.).[9] Meanwhile, since the Prince was adopted by his 1st uncle, his faction was sometimes called as Prince Ŭian Faction (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.).
Died and later life
[edit | edit source]He later died on 26 January 1656 (7th year reign of his nephew, Hyojong of Joseon) at 57 years old[10] and received his posthumous name,[1] then, was buried in Nokchon-ri, Hwado-eup, Namyangju, Gyeonggi Province along with his wife.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. On the other hand, it was said that he also claimed the theory of ch'ŏkhwa (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) together with Kim Sanghŏn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.), who was a presiding officer at the time, despite the growing public opinion insisting on strengthening the Qing dynasty.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
He was also ignorant of Buddhism and didn't even look the cause, but after his 1st father in-law, Yu Hyorip (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) was punished and exiled, he faced his wife, wept and complained about this. It was said that he lived together as before without any regrets.
Family
[edit | edit source]Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. Grand Prince Nŭngwŏn had 20 grandchildren and 45 middle-grandsons, almost of them were lived with prospering. His Sindo (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) was written by Song Siyeol (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.) and Jo Sa-U (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.).Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
- Father:
- Biological - Wonjong of Joseon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 2 August 1580 – 29 December 1619)
- Adopted (Uncle) - Yi Sŏng, Prince Ŭian (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1577 – 20 March 1588)
- Grandfather - Seonjo of Joseon (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 26 November 1552 – 16 March 1608)
- Grandmother - Royal Noble Consort In of the Suwon Kim clan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1555 – 10 December 1613)
- Mother - Queen Inheon of the Neungseong Ku clan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 17 April 1578 – 14 January 1626)
- Grandfather - Ku Samaeng, Duke Munŭi, Internal Prince Nŭngan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1531 – 1 April 1604)
- Grandmother - Internal Princess Consort P'yŏngsan of the Pyeongsan Sin clan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1538–1562)
Sibling(s):
- Older brother - Yi Chong, Grand Prince Nŭngyang (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 7 December 1595 – 17 June 1649)
- Younger brother - Yi Chŏn, Grand Prince Nŭngch'ang (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 16 July 1599 – 17 November 1615)
- Consorts and their Respective Issue(s):
- Grand Princess Consort Munhwa of the Munhwa Ryu clan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 27 October 1598 – 3 August 1676)[11]
- Grand Princess Consort of the Yeongam Kim clan (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 9 March 1610 – 25 January 1696)
- Yi Sik, Prince Yŏngp'ung (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; ?–1692)
- Yi Ham, Prince Yŏngŭn (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
- Yi Hyŏng, Prince Yŏngsin (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
- Yi Chŏng, Prince Yŏngch'un (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
- Yi Yu (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
- Lady Yi (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
- Lady Yi Yŏngjŏng (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.; 1639–1657)
- Lady Yi (Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.)
Legacy
[edit | edit source]- His tomb designated as Gyeonggi Province Cultural Heritage Material No. 115 on 16 September 2002 by the Cultural Heritage Administration of the Republic of Korea.[12]
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ In the Korean calendar (lunar), he was born on 11 April 1598 and died on 1 January 1656.
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References
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External links
[edit | edit source]- 능원대군 in Encyclopedia of Korean Culture (in Korean). Retrieved June 5, 2021.
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