Frog skin camouflage

Frog skin
File:Frog Skin camouflage pattern.jpg Frog skin camo fabric
Type	Military camouflage pattern
Place of origin	United States
Service history
In service	1942–1960s
Used by	See Users
Wars	World War II Korean War First Indochina War Bay of Pigs Invasion Vietnam War Turkish invasion of Cyprus
Production history
Designer	Norvell Gillespie
No. produced	150,000 (Initial Numbers)

Frog skin, also known as duck hunter, is a camouflage pattern with mottle and disruptive coloration to blend into the environment. It is named for its similarity to a frog's crypsis skin.

The frog skin pattern was the United States military's first attempt at disruptive coloration camouflage.

History

The US Army began experiments with camouflage in 1940–1941. The frog skin pattern was designed by Norvell Gillespie, a civilian horticulturist and the gardening editor for Better Homes & Gardens magazine, at the request of the US military. 150,000 uniforms in the pattern were ordered.

In 1942, the Marine Raiders were the first issued a frogskin pattern uniform, which was reversible with a five-color jungle pattern on a green background on one side and a three-color beach pattern with a tan background on the other side. The pattern was made for the M1942 Reversible Spot Pattern and P42 Camo utility uniform based on the herringbone twill (HBT) cotton fabric.

The uniform was worn by the Marines in other campaigns, notably the Battle of Tarawa. In the European Theater of Operations, during the summer of 1944, certain Army infantry units were issued the uniform, like the 41st Armored Infantry Regiment of the 2nd Armored Division. Contrary to popular belief, the uniform was never officially ordered removed from frontline use due to friendly fire incidents, with the conventional green HBT utility uniform actually responsible for more alleged friendly fire incidents than the frogskin’s short service life in Europe.

By January 1944, production of the pattern was stopped. The uniforms were later sold as military surplus. Surplus uniforms became popular among hunters, which led to the common alternate nickname duck hunter camo.

Later use

File:Normandycamof.jpg

A private of the 41st Armored Infantry Regiment wearing the two piece herringbone twill (HBT) camouflage in Normandy. July 1944

The United States used the pattern in limited use in the Korean War for Marines for helmets as helmet covers.

The frog skin pattern was issued to France's 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment and 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment during the First Indochina War.

In 1961, the Cuban exiles Brigade 2506 were issued the frog skin pattern by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) for the Bay of Pigs Invasion.

During the Vietnam War, the United States Special Forces issued frog skin to the Montagnard for their guerrilla warfare activities. Navy SEALs and Rangers resorted to using the camo due to a lack of a standard camouflage. Army Special Forces advisers, sailors and Marines attached to the Military Assistance Command Vietnam — Naval Advisory Group and the CIDG also used it before tiger stripe camouflage uniforms were issued.

• Marine Raiders in frog skin pattern uniforms
  Marine Raiders in frog skin pattern uniforms
• SAF adviser briefing a Montagnard strike force wearing frog skin
  SAF adviser briefing a Montagnard strike force wearing frog skin
• SF advisor to Montagnards relaxing
  SF advisor to Montagnards relaxing

Similar patterns

The German-created Flecktarn is a multi-colored mottled pattern, which creates a dithering effect by eliminating hard color boundaries and has been adopted by many countries. The Australian Defence Force Disruptive Pattern Camouflage Uniform is a five-color mottle pattern, which utilizes disruptive coloration to break up a soldiers outline with a strongly contrasting design.

Users

File:French indochina 1953 12 1.png

French troops in Indochina 1953

• Biafra: Acquired frog skin uniforms in 1968 for Biafran soldiers. Pro-Biafran mercenaries recruited also use the same camos.
• Brazil: Called camuflagem bolinhas
• Chile: Wore camouflage patterns based on frog skin.
• France: 1st Foreign Parachute Regiment and 2nd Foreign Parachute Regiment in First Indochina War.
• Indonesia:
  • Brimob forces wore copies based on the US from 1965.
  • Pasukan Gerak Tjepat and Resimen Para Komando Angkatan Darat commandos wore copies based on the M1942 pattern. Original 1942 camo uniforms were used back in the 1950s by PGT/RPKAD and airborne troops from 1954 to 1960, worn with the green pattern visible.
• Iran: Copies, called Panther, were worn by the Iranian military and Revolutionary Guard especially during the Iran-Iraq War.
• Mexico: Copies worn by the Mexican military.
• Netherlands
• Philippines: Used by Scout Ranger units in the Philippine Army and Constabulary.
• United States:
  • United States Marine Corps
    • Marine Raiders
  • Brigade 2506
• Spain: Three-color pattern used in 1970 and was mostly used for ponchos, helmet covers, field equipment and some on clothes.
• Turkey: Formerly used frog skin clones; first examples seen in the 1970s.