File:Spurious Correlation (Colour).svg
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Size of this PNG preview of this SVG file: 540 × 540 pixels. Other resolutions: 240 × 240 pixels | 480 × 480 pixels | 768 × 768 pixels | 1,024 × 1,024 pixels | 2,048 × 2,048 pixels.
Original file (SVG file, nominally 540 × 540 pixels, file size: 160 KB)
Summary
| Description |
English: An illustration of spurious correlation as defined by Karl Pearson in Mathematical Contributions to the Theory of Evolution—On a Form of Spurious Correlation Which May Arise When Indices Are Used in the Measurement of Organs, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 1897, volume 60, pages 489-498, https://www.jstor.org/stable/115879)
Source code This media was created with R (programming language for statistical analysis)
Here is a listing of the source used to create this file.
require(ggplot2)
set.seed(5)
n.obs <- 500
xyz.df <- data.frame(
x=rnorm(n.obs, mean=10, sd=1),
y=rnorm(n.obs, mean=10, sd=1),
z=rnorm(n.obs, mean=30, sd=3)
)
xyz.df <- transform(
xyz.df,
x.over.z= x/z,
y.over.z= y/z
)
ggplot(data=xyz.df, aes(y=x.over.z, x=y.over.z)) +
geom_point(aes(colour=z)) +
scale_colour_gradient2(midpoint=median(xyz.df$z)) +
labs(y="x/z", x="y/z") +
annotate(
"text", x= 0.2, y=0.6, hjust=0, vjust=1, parse=TRUE, size=10,
label=sprintf(" rho == %0.2f", with(xyz.df, cor(x.over.z,y.over.z)))
) +
theme(legend.justification=c(1,0), legend.position=c(1,0)) +
coord_equal(xlim=c(0.18,0.62), ylim=c(0.18,0.62))
ggsave("spuriousCorrelationColour.svg", height=6, width=6)
|
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| Date | ||||
| Source | Own work | |||
| Author | David Lovell (Lov090) | |||
| SVG development | This trigonometry was created with R.
|
.svg){kind=link}
Licensing
David Lovell (Lov090), the copyright holder of this work, hereby publishes it under the following license:
This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Attribution:
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 00:26, 10 January 2014 | | 540 × 540 (160 KB) | wikimediacommons>Lov090 | User created page with UploadWizard |
File usage
The following page uses this file:
.svg){kind=link}