Hans Karl von Diebitsch
Hans Karl von Diebitsch Sabalkanski | |
|---|---|
| File:Ivan Ivanovitch Dibich by George Dawe - Hermitage.jpg | |
| Other names | Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky;[2] Ivan Ivanovich Diebitsch |
| Born | 13 May 1785 |
| Died | 10 June 1831 (aged 46) |
| Allegiance | File:Flag of Russia.svg Russia |
| Branch | Imperial Russian Army |
| Service years | 1801–1831 |
| Rank | Field marshal |
| Conflicts | |
| Awards | Order of St. George Pour le Mérite Order of the Red Eagle Order of St. Vladimir Order of Saint Anna Order of Saint Alexander Nevsky Order of Leopold (Austria) Kulm Cross Gold Sword for Bravery Order of the White Eagle Military Order of Maria Theresa |
Hans Karl Friedrich Anton Graf[4] von Diebitsch-Sabalkanski und Narten (Russian: Иван Иванович Дибич-Забалканский, romanized: Ivan Ivanovich Dibich-Zabalkansky; 13 May 1785 – 10 June 1831) was a Prussian-born soldier serving as Russian field marshal. His dynasty is of Silesian origin.[5] He stands among the most important military leaders of the late modern period.[6]
Career
[edit | edit source]Hans Karl was educated at the Berlin cadet school, but by the desire of his father, Frederick II's aide-de-camp who had passed into the service of Russia, he also did the same in 1801. He served in the campaign of 1805 against Napoleon and the Grande Armée, and was wounded at Austerlitz, fought at Eylau and Friedland, and after Friedland was promoted captain.[7]
During the next five years of peace, he devoted himself to the study of military science, engaging once more in active service in the War of 1812. He distinguished himself very greatly in Wittgenstein's campaign, and in particular at Polotsk (18 and 19 October), after which combat, he was raised to the rank of major-general. In the latter part of the campaign, he served against the Prussian contingent of General Yorck (von Wartenburg), with whom, through Clausewitz, he negotiated the celebrated convention of Tauroggen, serving thereafter with Yorck in the early part of the German Campaign of 1813.[7]
After the battle of Lützen (1813) he served in Silesia and took part in negotiating the secret treaty of Reichenbach. Having distinguished himself at the battles of Dresden and Leipzig he was promoted lieutenant-general. At the crisis of the campaign of 1814, he strongly urged the march of the allies on Paris; and after their entry the emperor Alexander conferred on him the order of St. Alexander Nevsky.[7]
In 1815 he attended the Congress of Vienna and was afterwards made adjutant-general to the emperor, with whom, as also with his successor Nicholas, he had great influence. By Nicholas he was created baron, and later count. In 1820 he had become chief of the general staff, and in 1825 he assisted in suppressing the Decembrist revolt.[7]
His greatest exploits were in the Russo-Turkish War of 1828–1829, which, after a period of doubtful contest, was decided by Diebitsch's brilliant campaign of Adrianople; this won him the rank of field-marshal and the victory title of Zabalkansky (meaning "Trans-Balkan"; German: Sabalkanski) to commemorate his crossing of the Balkans.[7]
In 1830 he was appointed to command the great army destined to suppress the November Uprising in Poland. After the inconclusive battle of Grochow on 25 February, he won the battle of Ostrołęka on 26 May, but soon afterwards died of cholera at Kleszewo near Pułtusk, on 10 June 1831.[7]
.jpg){kind=link}
References
[edit | edit source]
- ^ The State Hermitage. Western European painting. Catalog. 2nd Volume
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ This article includes content derived from the Russian Biographical Dictionary, 1896–1918. "Дибич-Забалканский, Иван Иванович".
- ^ Regarding personal names: Until 1919, Graf was a title, translated as 'Count', not a first or middle name. The female form is Gräfin. In Germany, it has formed part of family names since 1919.
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b c d e f One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Endnotes:
- (in German) Belmont (Schumberg), Graf Diebitsch (Dresden, 1830);
- (in German) Strmer, Der Tod des Grafen Diebitsch (Berlin, 1832);
- (in Russian) Bantych Kamenski, Biographies of Russian Field-Marshals (St Petersburg, 1841)
Sources
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Chesney, Russo-Turkish Campaigns of 1828–29, (New York, 1856).
- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
.svg){kind=link}
Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 153: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).
- 1785 births
- 1831 deaths
- People from Oborniki Śląskie
- Military personnel from the Province of Silesia
- Emigrants from the Kingdom of Prussia to the Russian Empire
- 19th-century nobility from the Russian Empire
- Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
- Field marshals of the Russian Empire
- Russian commanders of the Napoleonic Wars
- Russian people of the November Uprising
- Deaths from cholera
- Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (military class)
- Recipients of the Order of St. George of the First Degree
- Knights Cross of the Military Order of Maria Theresa
- Participants to the Congress of Vienna
- Ethnic German people from the Russian Empire