F minor

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F minor
<score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \key f \minor s16 \clef F \key f \minor s^"" }</score>
Relative keyA-flat major
Parallel keyF major
Dominant keyC minor
Subdominant keyB-flat minor
Component pitches
F, G, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, E♭

F minor is a minor scale based on F, consisting of the pitches F, G, A♭, B♭, C, D♭, and E♭. Its key signature consists of four flats. Its relative major is A-flat major and its parallel major is F major. The F natural minor scale is

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Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The F harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are

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Scale degree chords

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The scale degree chords of F minor are:

Music in F minor

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Famous pieces in the key of F minor include Beethoven's Appassionata Sonata, Chopin's Piano Concerto No. 2, Ballade No. 4, Haydn's Symphony No. 49, La Passione and Tchaikovsky’s Symphony No. 4.

Glenn Gould once said if he could be any key, he would be F minor, because "it's rather dour, halfway between complex and stable, between upright and lascivious, between gray and highly tinted... There is a certain obliqueness."[1]

Hermann von Helmholtz once described F minor as harrowing and melancholy. Christian Schubart described this key as "Deep depression, funereal lament, groans of misery and longing for the grave".[2]

Notable compositions

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See also: List of symphonies in F minor

E-sharp minor

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E-sharp minor
<score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \key eis \minor s16 \clef F \key eis \minor s^"" }</score>
Alternative notation<score>{ \magnifyStaff #3/2 \omit Score.TimeSignature \set Staff.keyAlterations = #`((3 . ,SHARP)(0 . ,SHARP)(4 . ,SHARP)(1 . ,SHARP)(-2 . ,SHARP)(2 . ,SHARP)(-1 . ,SHARP)(3 . ,DOUBLE-SHARP)) s^"" }</score>
Relative keyG-sharp major
→enharmonic: A-flat major
Parallel keyE-sharp major
→enharmonic: F major
Dominant keyB-sharp minor
→enharmonic: C minor
Subdominant keyA-sharp minor
Enharmonic keyF minor
Component pitches
E♯, Fdouble sharp, G♯, A♯, B♯, C♯, D♯

E-sharp minor is a key based on the musical note E♯, consisting of the pitches E♯, Fdouble sharp, G♯, A♯, B♯, C♯ and D♯. Its key signature has eight sharps, requiring one double sharp and six single sharps. Because E-sharp minor requires eight sharps, including the Fdouble sharp, it is almost always notated as its enharmonic equivalent of F minor, with four flats.

The E-sharp natural minor scale is:

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Changes needed for the melodic and harmonic versions of the scale are written in with accidentals as necessary. The E-sharp harmonic minor and melodic minor scales are:

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The scale-degree chords of E-sharp minor are:

Although E-sharp minor is usually notated as F minor, it could be used on a local level, such as bars 17 to 22 in Johann Sebastian Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Book 1, Prelude and Fugue in C-sharp major, BWV 848. (E-sharp minor is the mediant minor key of C-sharp major.)

In tuning systems where the number of notes per octave is not a multiple of 12, notes such as E♯ and F are not enharmonically equivalent, nor are the corresponding key signatures. These tunings can produce keys with no analogue in 12-tone equal temperament, which can require double sharps, double flats, or microtonal alterations in key signatures. For example, the key of E-sharp minor, with eight sharps, is equivalent to F minor in 12-tone equal temperament, but in 19-tone equal temperament, it is equivalent to F-flat minor instead, with 11 flats.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Cathering Meng, Tonight's the Night (Apostrophe Books, 2007): 21
  2. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  • Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
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