Entrepôt
An entrepôt (English: /ˈɒntrəpoʊ/ ON-trə-poh; French: [ɑ̃tʁəpo] Audio file "LL-Q150 (fra)-Lepticed7-entrepôt.wav" not found) is a transshipment port, city, or trading post where merchandise may be imported, stored, or traded, usually to be exported again. Entrepôt also means 'warehouse' in modern French, and is derived from the Latin roots inter 'between' + positum 'position', literally 'that which is placed between'.[1] Typically located on a crossroads, river, canal, or maritime trade route, these trade hubs played a critical role in trade during the age of sail.[2] Modern logistics, supply chain networks, and border controls have largely made entrepôts obsolete, or reduced them in number, but the term is still used to refer to duty-free ports or those with a high volume of re-export trade.
Railways, container ships, air freight, and telecommunications have created a world in which commodities and manufactured goods are shifted from one part of the globe to another in regular, controlled, and reliable streams, eliminating the factors which once made entrepots central to trade networks; see just-in-time manufacturing. But, as pointed out by the Dutch economist T. P. van der Kooy and has been more recently restated by P. W. Klein, before the Industrial Revolution the flow of goods from one part of the world to another, even one region of a country to another, was so irregular and unpredictable that there was no possibility of achieving any sort of steady distribution, any balancing of supply and demand, or any sort of price stability except by stockpiling great reserves of commodities in central storehouses; i.e. entrepôts.[3]
Entrepôts had an important role in the early modern period, when mercantile shipping flourished between Europe and its colonial empires in the Americas and Asia. Traders often did not want to travel the whole route, and thus used the entrepôts on the way to sell their goods. This could conceivably lead to more attractive profits for those who were suited to traveling the entire route. The basic need for these central reservoirs of goods, to iron out the unevenness of supply and ensure a certain regularity and stability of prices, often bestowed enormous economic and political power on the main entrepots resulting in competition between them.[3][4]
Many major 17th century entrepots, like the city of Antwerp, Belgium, continue to be major centers of transshipment and trade into the 21st century.[4] Other entrepots further down the trade hierarchy, for example Buffalo, New York, have suffered over time as technology has shifted trade routes and reduced the need for transshipment through a particular route. In the case of Buffalo this was partly caused by the obsolescence of the Erie Canal by newer technologies and routes.[5]
Examples
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Africa
[edit | edit source]- Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt
- Berbera, Somaliland
- Boma, Congo
- Cap-Vert, Senegal
- Cape of Good Hope, South Africa
- Djibouti City, Djibouti
- Port Said, Egypt
- Suez, Egypt
- Tangier, Morocco
- Tin Can Island Port, Nigeria
- Zanzibar
Americas
[edit | edit source]- Baltimore, Maryland, US
- Castries, St. Lucia
- Colón, Panama
- Fort Orange (New Netherland), Albany, New York, US
- New Orleans, Louisiana, US
- Saint Paul, Minnesota, US
- Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- São Paulo, Brazil
- Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
- Valparaíso, Chile
Asia
[edit | edit source]- Aden, Yemen
- Balikpapan, Indonesia
- Basra, Iraq
- Batavia, Dutch East Indies (modern-day Jakarta, Indonesia)
- Beirut, Ottoman Empire (modern-day Lebanon)
- Busan, South Korea
- Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram, Trivandrum, India
- Chonburi, Thailand
- Hong Kong
- Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Macao
- Makassar, Indonesia
- Malacca, Malacca Sultanate and Portuguese Malacca, modern-day Malaysia
- Manila, Philippines
- Naha, Ryūkyū Kingdom, modern-day Japan
- Osaka, Japan
- Palembang, Srivijaya, modern-day Indonesia
- Port of Keelung, Taiwan
- Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Port Klang, Malaysia
- Kollam/Quilon, India
- Salalah, Oman
- Shanghai, China
- Singapore
- Tianjin, China
- Tokyo, Japan
- Surabaya, Indonesia
- Bangkok, Thailand
- Weihaiwei, China
Europe
[edit | edit source]- Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Barcelona, Spain
- Cádiz, Spain
- Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey
- Copenhagen, Denmark
- Gioia Tauro, Italy
- Gothenburg, Sweden
- Guernsey, United Kingdom
- Hamburg, Germany
- Lisbon, Portugal
- Liverpool, United Kingdom
- London, United Kingdom
- Marseille, France
- Piraeus, Athens, Greece
- Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Venice, Italy
Oceania
[edit | edit source]See also
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- Factory (trading post) – Transshipment zone (5th- to 19th-century name)
- Free port – Geographic area where economic activity between and within countries is less regulated
References
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