Amphipholis squamata
| Amphipholis squamata | |
|---|---|
| File:Amphipholis squamata.jpg | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Class: | Ophiuroidea |
| Order: | Ophiurida |
| Family: | Amphiuridae |
| Genus: | Amphipholis |
| Species: | A. squamata
|
| Binomial name | |
| Amphipholis squamata Delle Chiaje, 1829[1]
| |
Amphipholis squamata, common names brooding snake star and dwarf brittle star, is a species complex[2][3] of brittle stars in the family Amphiuridae.[4][5][6]
Description
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This species is small, grey to bluish-white, and phosphorescent. Brooding individuals emit more light than non-brooding individuals.[7] It has thin, short arms around 20 mm long. The round disc is 3 to 5mm, and has a scale covering with D-shaped radial plates. It has rhombic-shaped mouth shields and extremely wide mouth papillae.
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Amphipholis squamata is found in all parts of the British Isles and also in Ireland. It has been recorded in many other parts of the world, including France[7],New Zealand and other places, with one conference paper referring to it as a cosmopolitan species.[8] Molecular studies have shown that there are multiple species in this complex.[2][9]
Habitat
[edit | edit source]This brittle star lives in the intertidal zone in shallow water, and can be found under large stones, shells, and around sessile invertebrates such as bryozoans.
Parasites
[edit | edit source]This brittle star hosts at least two species of ectoparasites. The following two that have been confirmed are both copepods:
- Cancerilla tubulata Dalyell, 1851
- Parachordeumium amphiurae (Hérouard, 1906)
Synonyms
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- Asterias noctiluca Viviani, 1805
- Ophiura elegans Leach, 1815 [suppressed]
- Amphiura elegans (Leach, 1815)
- Asterias squamata Delle Chiaje, 1828
- Amphioplus squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
- Amphiura squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
- Axiognathus squamata (Delle Chiaje, 1828)
- Amphiura neglecta Forbes, 1843
- Ophiolepis tenuis Ayres, 1854
- Amphiura tenera Lütken, 1856
- Amphipholis tenera (Lütken, 1856)
- Amphiura tenuispina Ljungman, 1865
- Amphipholis tenuispina (Ljungman, 1865)
- Amphipholis squamata tenuispina (Ljungman, 1865)
- Amphipholis appressa Ljungman, 1872
- Amphipholis kinbergi Ljungman, 1872
- Amphipholis lineata Ljungman, 1872
- Amphipholis patagonica Ljungman, 1872
- Amphiura parva Hutton, 1878
- Amphipholis australiana H.L. Clark, 1909
- Ophiactis minor Döderlein, 1910
- Amphipholis minor (Döderlein, 1910)
- Amphipholis japonica Matsumoto, 1915
- Amphipholis tissieri Reys, 1961
References
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- ^ a b Le Gac, M., Féral, J.P., Poulin, E., Veyret, M. & Chenuil, A. (2004) Identification of allopatric clades in the cosmopolitan ophiuroid species complex Amphipholis squamata (Echinodermata). The end of a paradox? Marine Ecology Progress Series, 278: 171–178.
- ^ Boissin E., Feral J.P., Chenuil A. (2008) Defining reproductively isolated units in a cryptic and syntopic species complex using mitochondrial and nuclear markers: the brooding brittle star, Amphipholis squamata (Ophiuroidea). Mol Ecol 17:1732−1744
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