Double mini trampoline
 9 Time World Double Mini Trampoline Champion Mikhail Zalomin, at the 2018 World Championships | |
| Highest governing body | World Gymnastics |
|---|---|
| Characteristics | |
| Team members | Individuals or Teams of 3 or 4 |
| Mixed-sex | No |
| Type | Gymnastic sport |
| Presence | |
| Country or region | Worldwide |
| Olympic | No |
| World Games | 2001 – 2022 |
Double mini trampoline, sometimes referred to as double mini or DMT, is a gymnastics discipline within trampolining. Participants perform acrobatic skills on an apparatus smaller than a regular competition trampoline. The apparatus has both an angled section and a flat section.[1] Unlike individual trampoline, where scoring is predominantly determined by execution, time of flight and difficulty, the difficulty in DMT plays a more prominent role in the final score.
A DMT routine or pass consist of two phases. The first phase is called a "mount"; during this phase the athlete jumps onto the angled part and flips off of it onto the flat part. The first phase can also be performed by jumping, without flips or twist, onto the flat part and then commencing the first flip or twist. In this case the first phase is called a "spotter". The second phase starts on the flat part and is called a "dismount"; the athlete lands the first flipping sequences from phase one and immediately launches into a second series of flips and twists before landing on a mat.[1]
The athletes are judged on difficulty and execution.[2] Competitions may take place in teams or individually.[1]
DMT is governed by the FIG, the International Federation of Gymnastics, and is included as an event within Trampoline Gymnastics. Although not an Olympic event yet, Elite DMT athletes compete at an international level and can compete in various events organised by the FIG as well as at the World Games.
History
[edit | edit source]DMT can be sourced back to 1970 when its inventors Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen combined two mini trampolines with a small table and mat to cover in between. Later Robert F Bollinger combined the two mini trampolines to create one 430 cm long Double Mini Trampoline and also designed the rules for competition and terms such as the mounter and spotter passes and he established its own difficulty system roughly based on the system used for diving.[3][4][5] Robert F Bollinger was part of George Nissen's trampoline act and just as Nissen can be seen as the father of trampoline, Robert F Bollinger can be seen as the father of Double Mini Trampoline.[6]
The first record of a double mini competition comes from the Trampoline Gymnastics World Age Group Competitions in 1973 held in London, England.[7] Athletes competing had little experience in the new apparatus and Robert F Bollinger jumped in and provided personal training on the Friday afternoon for the athletes wishing to compete the following day.[7] Double mini was first introduced into the Trampoline World Championships, only six years after its invention, in the 1976, 9th Trampoline World Championships in Tulsa.[3][8]
The DMT as we see it today is wider than the one Robert F Bollinger and George Nissen first created, and the change came mid 1990 when Horst Kunze, then President of the FIG Trampoline Technical Committee, asked Eurotramp Trampoline company if they could produce a DMT with a wider frame. This resulted in a wider DMT with a bed of 92 cm, which Horst Kunze states gave a real boost to the discipline. Since then this has been the international standard.[5]
Skills
[edit | edit source]Some common skills performed at international level competitions are:[9] A Comprehensive list of skills can be found in FIG Code of Point Difficulty.
Full-In Full-Out
[edit | edit source]Also known as Double-Twisting Double Back
FIG Code 822
A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a double twist, full twist in the first somersault and full twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Triple Back Somersault
[edit | edit source]FIG Code 12---
A somersault commonly used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a triple somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked, piked or, uncommonly, straight.[2]
Miller
[edit | edit source]Also known as Full in Double-Full Out or Triple-Twisting Double back
FIG Code 833
A somersault used as a dismount in which the athlete takes off traveling backwards and does a double somersault with a triple twist. This skill is named after world champion Wayne Miller (USA).[1] This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Full-In Half-Out
[edit | edit source]Also known as Full-Half, Full-In Barani-Out or Full-Barani
FIG Code 821
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a one and a half twist, full twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Fliffis
[edit | edit source]Also known as Half-Out
FIG Code 8-1
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a double somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first somersault and half twist in the second somersault. This skill can be performed ether tucked, piked or straight.[2]
Triffis
[edit | edit source]Also known as Half-out Triffis or 'Triff'
FIG Code 12--1
A somersault commonly used as a mount in which the athlete takes off traveling forwards and does a triple somersault with a half twist, no twist in the first two somersaults and a half twist in the third somersault. This skill can be performed either tucked or piked.[2]
FIG Code of Point Difficulty
[edit | edit source]The difficulty in double mini is based upon a bonus system, where the number of rotation and twists are multiplied and then the position is added.[10] The positions are tuck, pike and straight which are represented by "O" for Tuck, "<" for Pike and "/" for Straight[2]
The FIG numeric system works as follows, first number is the amount of 1/4-rotations second number is the amount of 1/2-twist, the twists are divided into where in the skill they occur.
Example: Full-In Half-Out (8 2 1) has a total of 8 1/4-rotations corresponding to the first 8 then it has 2 1/2-twists in the first somersault corresponding to the 2 and 1 1/2-twists the second somersault corresponding to the 1[2]
FIG World Championship results
[edit | edit source]Men's Individual
[edit | edit source]| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Tulsa | File:Flag of the United States.svg Ron Merriott (USA) | 26.300 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Rob Bollinger (USA) | 26.000 |  Derick Lotz (RSA)
|
25.200 |
| 1978 | Newcastle | File:Flag of the United States.svg Stuart Ransom (USA) | 25.900 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Brett Austine (AUS) | 25.900 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Don Zasadny (USA) | 24.700 |
| 1980 | Brig | Derick Lotz (RSA)
|
25.200 |  Manfred Schwedler (FRG)
|
23.600 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Brett Austine & Stephen Evetts (AUS) | 23.300 |
| 1982 | Bozeman | File:Flag of Australia.svg Brett Austine (AUS) | 26.800 | Derick Lotz (RSA)
|
26.100 | Manfred Schwedler (FRG)
|
25.800 |
| 1984 | Osaka | File:Flag of Australia.svg Brett Austine (AUS) | 26.200 | File:Flag of Australia.svg John Merritt (AUS) | 25.300 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Steve Elliott (USA) | 25.000 |
| 1986 | Paris | File:Flag of Australia.svg Brett Austine (AUS) | 26.400 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Terry Butler (USA) | 25.900 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Chad Fox (USA) | 25.700 |
| 1988 | Birmingham | File:Flag of Australia.svg Adrian Wareham (AUS) | 27.500 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Terry Butler (USA) | 27.000 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Brett Austine (AUS) | 26.600 |
| 1990 | Essen | File:Flag of Australia.svg Adrian Wareham (AUS) | 28.900 |  Jorge Moreira (POR)
|
28.000 | Steffen Eislöffel (FRG)
|
27.600 |
| 1992[11] | Auckland | Jorge Pereira (POR)
|
28.670 | Steffen Eislöffel (FRG)
|
28.530 |  Jeremy Brock (CAN)
|
28.400 |
| 1994 | Porto | Jorge Pereira (POR)
|
12.130 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Adrian Wareham (AUS) | 11.900 | Luis Nunes (POR)
|
11.800 |
| 1996 | Vancouver | Chris Mitruk (CAN)
|
23.800 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Ji Wallace (AUS) | 23.800 |  Radostin Rachev (BUL)
|
23.440 |
| 1998 | Sydney |  Rodolfo Rangel (BRA)
|
24.800 | Joao Marques (POR)
|
24.130 | Chris Mitruk (CAN)
|
23.200 |
| 1999 | Sun City | Chris Mitruk (CAN)
|
25.000 | Jörg Gehrke (GER)
|
24.530 | Rodolfo Rangel (BRA)
|
24.330 |
| 2001 | Odense | Nuno Lico (POR)
|
63.900 | Amadeu Neves (POR)
|
63.700 | Rodolfo Rangel (BRA)
|
63.600 |
| 2003 | Hannover | File:Flag of Russia.svg Alexey Ilichev (RUS) | 64.500 | Adam Menzies (CAN)
|
64.400 | Nico Gärtner (GER)
|
63.900 |
| 2005 | Eindhoven | Radostin Rachev (BUL)
|
75.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Keith Douglas (USA) | 73.400 | Nico Gärtner (GER)
|
73.100 |
| 2007 | Quebec City | File:Flag of Russia.svg Kirill Ivanov (RUS) | 78.000 | Denis Vachon (CAN)
|
73.600 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Kalon Ludvigson (USA) | 71.600 |
| 2009 | St Petersburg | André Lico (POR)
|
75.500 |  Tim Lunding (SWE)
|
69.600 | André Fernandes (POR)
|
69.300 |
| 2010 | Metz | André Lico (POR)
|
73.400 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Austin White (USA) | 73.000 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Evgeny Chernoivanov (RUS) | 72.700 |
| 2011 | Birmingham | Bruno Martini (BRA)
|
70.200 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Austin White (USA) | 69.700 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Evgeny Chernoivanov (RUS) | 68.700 |
| 2013 | Sofia | File:Flag of Russia.svg Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) | 77.800 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Alexander Renkert (USA) | 73.200 | Bruno Nobre (POR)
|
69.200 |
| 2014 | Daytona Beach | File:Flag of Russia.svg Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) | 78.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Austin White (USA) | 77.500 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Austin Nacey (USA) | 74.500 |
| 2015 | Odense | File:Flag of the United States.svg Austin White (USA) | 79.600 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) | 78.400 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Matthew Weal (USA) | 74.800 |
| 2017 | Sofia | File:Flag of Russia.svg Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) | 78.800 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Austin Nacey (USA) | 78.300 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Aleksandr Odinsov (RUS) | 76.900 |
| 2018 | St Petersburg | File:Flag of Russia.svg Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) | 78.200 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Ruben Padilla (USA) | 73.500 |  Lucas Adorno (ARG)
|
72.400 |
| 2019 | Tokyo | File:Flag of Russia.svg Mikhail Zalomin (RUS) | 77.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Ruben Padilla (USA) | 76.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Alexander Renkert (USA) | 74.100 |
| 2021 | Baku | File:Flag of Russia.svg Vasilii Makarskii (RUS) | 77.400 | Diogo Cabral (POR)
|
75.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Ruben Padilla (USA) | 74.900 |
| 2022 | Sofia | File:Flag of the United States.svg Ruben Padilla (USA) | 30.200 | Gavin Dodd (CAN)
|
29.200 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Tomas Minc (USA) | 29.100 |
| 2023 | Birmingham | File:Flag of the United States.svg Ruben Padilla (USA) | 30.600 |  David Franco (ESP)
|
29.300 | Tiago Sampaio Romao (POR)
|
23.600 |
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition[8]
Women's Individual
[edit | edit source]| Year | Location | Gold | Silver | Bronze | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1976 | Tulsa | File:Flag of the United States.svg Leigh Hennessy (USA) | 24.800 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Denise Seal (USA) | 24.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Nancy Boham (USA) | 20.300 |
| 1978 | Newcastle | File:Flag of the United States.svg Leigh Hennessy (USA) | 22.900 | Norma Lehto (CAN)
|
21.800 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Bethany Fairchild (USA) | 21.400 |
| 1980 | Brig | File:Flag of the United States.svg Bethany Fairchild (USA) | 22.100 | Norma Lehto (CAN)
|
22.000 | Charlene Geyser (RSA)
|
20.700 |
| 1982 | Bozeman | Christine Tough (CAN)
|
24.300 | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
24.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Bethany Fairchild (USA) | 23.700 |
| 1984 | Osaka | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
23.500 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Cherie Mathers (AUS) | 23.300 | Vicki Bullock (CAN) & File:Flag of Australia.svg Lesley Stephens (AUS)
|
22.600 |
| 1986 | Paris | Bettina Lehmann (FRG)
|
24.000 | Marie-Andrée Richard (CAN)
|
23.400 | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
23.000 |
| 1988 | Birmingham | File:Flag of Australia.svg Elisabeth Jensen (AUS) | 24.100 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Lisa Newman-Morris (AUS) | 23.600 | Gabriele Dreier (FRG)
|
22.800 |
| 1990 | Essen | File:Flag of Australia.svg Lisa Newman-Morris (AUS) | 24.600 |  Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
24.500 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Elisabeth Jensen (AUS) | 24.500 |
| 1992[11] | Auckland | Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
26.270 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Donna White (AUS) | 25.100 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Robyn Forbes (AUS) | 24.200 |
| 1994 | Porto | Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
11.100 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Jaime Strandmark (USA) | 11.030 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Kimberley Sans (USA) | 10.800 |
| 1996 | Vancouver | File:Flag of the United States.svg Jennifer Sans (USA) | 21.730 | Lisa Colussi (CAN)
|
21.480 | Maria Oliveira (POR)
|
20.690 |
| 1998 | Sydney | Kylie Walker (NZL)
|
21.860 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Jennifer Parilla (USA) | 21.400 | Teodora Sinilkova (BUL)
|
21.270 |
| 1999 | Sun City | Lisa Colussi-Mitruk (CAN)
|
22.400 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Marina Mourinova (RUS) | 21.470 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Erin Maguire (USA) | 21.270 |
| 2001 | Odense | File:Flag of Russia.svg Marina Mourinova (RUS) | 62.200 | Monica Fernandez (POR)
|
61.800 |  Katarina Prokesova (SVK)
|
61.100 |
| 2003 | Hannover | Sarah Charles (CAN)
|
62.200 | Antonia Ivanova (BUL)
|
61.800 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Shelly Klochan (USA) | 61.600 |
| 2005 | Eindhoven | Silvia Saiote (POR)
|
65.700 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Anna Ivanova (RUS) | 65.000 | Ana Simoes (POR)
|
64.700 |
| 2007 | Quebec City | Sarah Charles (CAN)
|
70.900 | Julie Warnock (CAN)
|
69.700 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Kaci Barry (USA) | 68.800 |
| 2009 | St Petersburg | File:Flag of Russia.svg Victoria Voronina (RUS) | 68.300 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Galina Goncharenko (RUS) | 68.000 | Corissa Boychuck (CAN)
|
67.100 |
| 2010 | Metz | Corissa Boychuck (CAN)
|
70.500 | Bianca Budler** (RSA)
|
70.300 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Svetlana Balandian (RUS) | 70.200 |
| 2011 | Birmingham | File:Flag of Russia.svg Svetlana Balandian (RUS) | 70.200 | Bianca Zoonekynd** (RSA)
|
69.700 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Victoria Voronina (RUS) | 68.700 |
| 2013 | Sofia | File:Flag of the United States.svg Kristle Lowell (USA) | 71.100 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Svetlana Balandian (RUS) | 70.000 |  Jasmin Short (GBR)
|
68.600 |
| 2014 | Daytona Beach | File:Flag of the United States.svg Erin Jauch (USA) | 71.400 | Jasmin Short (GBR)
|
70.300 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Polina Troianova (RUS) | 66.000 |
| 2015 | Odense | File:Flag of the United States.svg Erin Jauch (USA) | 71.100 | Jasmin Short (GBR)
|
69.800 | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
67.900 |
| 2017 | Sofia | Bianca Zoonekynd** (RSA)
|
68.900 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Polina Troianova (RUS) | 67.800 | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
67.200 |
| 2018 | St Petersburg | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
72.100 | Melania Rodriguez (ESP)
|
70.000 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Kristle Lowell (USA) | 67.700 |
| 2019 | Tokyo | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
69.000 | Bronwyn Dibb (NZL)
|
68.800 | File:Flag of Russia.svg Alekandra Bonartseva (RUS) | 68.200 |
| 2021 | Baku | Lina Sjöberg (SWE)
|
70.900 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Shelby Nobuhara (USA) | 70.000 | Melania Rodriguez (ESP)
|
69.600 |
| 2022 | Sofia | Bronwyn Dibb (NZL)
|
24.900 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Tristan van Natta (USA) | 24.800 | File:Flag of Australia.svg Cheyanna Robinson (AUS) | 24.000 |
| 2023 | Birmingham | Melania Rodriguez (ESP)
|
26.300 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Aliah Raga (USA) | 26.200 | File:Flag of the United States.svg Grace Harder (USA) | 26.100 |
**Bianca Budler and Bianca Zoonekynd is the same person
Result are correct according to FIG's database as well as official records from the competition[8]
References
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