Dolomites

For other uses, see Dolomite (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Dolemite.

Dolomites
Italian: Dolomiti Ladin: Dolomites German: Dolomiten
File:Faloria Cortina d'Ampezzo 10.jpg Tofana massif with Cortina d'Ampezzo in the foreground
Highest point
Peak	Marmolada
Elevation	3,343 m (10,968 ft)
Coordinates
Dimensions
Area	15,942 km2 (6,155 mi2)
Geography
Country	Italy
Regions	Veneto Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol Friuli-Venezia Giulia
Parent range	Alps
Geology
Orogeny	Alpine orogeny
Rock age	Mostly Triassic
Rock types	Sedimentary rocks dolomite volcanic rocks

The Dolomites

UNESCO World Heritage Site
File:Tre cime di Lavaredo.jpg The Three Peaks of Lavaredo
Criteria	Natural: (vii)(viii)
Reference	1237
Inscription	2009 (33rd Session)
Area	141,902.8 ha
Buffer zone	89,266.7 ha

The Dolomites or Pale Mountains (Italian: Monti Pallidi) are a mountain range in northeastern Italy. They form part of the Southern Limestone Alps and extend from the River Adige in the west to the Piave Valley (Pieve di Cadore) in the east. The northern and southern borders are defined by the Puster Valley and the Sugana Valley (Italian: Valsugana). The Dolomites are in the regions of Veneto, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, covering an area shared between the provinces of Belluno, Vicenza, Verona, Trentino, South Tyrol, Udine and Pordenone.

Other mountain groups of similar geological structure are spread along the River Piave to the east—Dolomiti d'Oltrepiave; and far away over the Adige River to the west—Dolomiti di Brenta (Western Dolomites). A smaller group is called Piccole Dolomiti (Little Dolomites), between the provinces of Trentino, Verona and Vicenza.

The Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park and many other regional parks are in the Dolomites. On 26 June 2009, the Dolomites were declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Adamello-Brenta UNESCO Global Geopark is also in the Dolomites. The Geological Museum of the Dolomites (in Italian Museo Geologico delle Dolomiti) is located in Predazzo, Fiemme Valley.

Etymology

The Dolomites take their name from the carbonate rock dolomite. This was named after the 18th-century French mineralogist Déodat Gratet de Dolomieu (1750–1801), who was the first to describe the mineral. The prior local vernacular name of Monti Pallidi came from the mountains' reddish to purple hues viewed at sunset from said carbonates' reflection of the shone alpenglow.

History

See also: White War § The Dolomites sector

For millennia, hunters and gatherers had advanced into the highest rocky regions and had probably also climbed some peaks. There is evidence that the Jesuit priest Franz von Wulfen from Klagenfurt climbed the Lungkofel and the Dürrenstein in the 1790s. In 1857 Irishman John Ball was the first known person to climb Monte Pelmo. Paul Grohmann later climbed numerous peaks such as the Antelao, Marmolada, Tofana, Monte Cristallo and the Boè. Around 1860 the Agordin mountaineer Simone de Silvestro was the first person to stand on the Civetta. Michael Innerkofler was one of the climbers of the Tre Cime di Lavaredo. Later very important local mountaineers, known for many first ascents, were Angelo Dibona and Giovanni Piaz.

During the First World War, the front line between the Italian and Austro-Hungarian Army ran through the Dolomites, where both sides used mines extensively. Open-air war museums are at Cinque Torri (Five Towers), Monte Piana and Mount Lagazuoi. Many people visit the Dolomites to climb the vie ferrate, protected paths through the rock walls that were created during the war.

A number of long-distance footpaths traverse the Dolomites. They are called alte vie (German: Dolomiten Höhenwege – high paths), and are numbered 1 to 10. The trails take about a week to walk, and are served by numerous rifugi (huts). The first and the most renowned is the Alta Via 1. Radiocarbon dating has been used in the Alta Badia region to demonstrate a connection between landslide activity and climate change.

Geography

The region is commonly divided into the Western and Eastern Dolomites, separated by a line following the Val Badia–Campolongo Pass–Cordevole Valley (Agordino) axis.

Current classification

The Dolomites may be divided into the following ranges:

• Sella
• Marmolada
• Tofane
• Langkofel Group
• Brenta Group
• Odles Group
• Peitlerkofel Group
• Puez Group
• Fanes Group
• Schlern Group
• Rosengarten
• Latemar
• Pala
• Lüsen Mountains
• Civetta
• Pelmo
• Marmarole
• Cadini Group
• Cristallo Group
• Sorapiss
• Antelao
• Bosconero
• Vette Feltrine
• Schiara
• Prags Dolomites
• Sexten Dolomites
• Friulian Dolomites

Tourism and sports

File:Sciatori a Cortina1.jpg

Skiers in Cortina in 1903

The Dolomites are renowned for skiing in the winter months and mountain climbing, hiking, cycling and BASE jumping, as well as paragliding and hang gliding in summer and late spring/early autumn. Free climbing has been a tradition in the Dolomites since 1887, when 17-year-old Georg Winkler soloed the first ascent of the pinnacle of the Vajolet Towers. The main centres include: Rocca Pietore alongside the Marmolada Glacier, which lies on the border of Trentino and Veneto, the small towns of Alleghe, Falcade, Auronzo, Cortina d'Ampezzo and the villages of Arabba, Urtijëi and San Martino di Castrozza, as well as the whole of the Fassa, Gardena and Badia valleys.

The Maratona dles Dolomites, an annual single-day road bicycle race covering seven mountain passes of the Dolomites, occurs in the first week of July.

Other characteristic places are:

• Mount Pasubio and Strada delle 52 Gallerie (a military mule road built during World War I with 52 tunnels)
• Altopiano di Asiago and Calà del Sasso, with 4,444 steps, the world's longest staircase open to the public.

Major peaks

File:Marmolada + Sellaronda tour 45a.jpg

Punta Penia (3 343 m), the highest point of Marmolada mountain.

Name	Metres	Feet
Marmolada	3,343	10,968
Antelao	3,264	10,706
Tofana di Mezzo	3,241	10,633
Sorapiss	3,229	10,594
Cristallo	3,221	10,568
Monte Civetta	3,220	10,564
Cima di Vezzana	3,192	10,470
Cimon della Pala	3,184	10,453
Langkofel / Sassolungo	3,181	10,427
Monte Pelmo	3,168	10,397
Dreischusterspitze	3,162	10,375
Boespitze / Piz Boè (Sella group)	3,152	10,342
Hohe Gaisl (Croda Rossa d'Ampezzo)	3,148	10,329
Gran Vernel	3,145	10,319
Piz Popena	3,143	10,312
Cima dei Bureloni	3,130	10,269
Grohmannspitze (Langkofel)	3,126	10,256
Zwölferkofel	3,094	10,151
Elferkofel	3,092	10,144
Piz dles Cunturines	3,064	10,052
Sass Rigais (Geislerspitzen)	3,025	9,925
Kesselkogel (Rosengarten)	3,004	9,856
Tre Cime di Lavaredo (Drei Zinnen)	2,999	9,839
Fünffingerspitze	2,997	9,833
Pala di San Martino	2,982	9,831
Rosengartenspitze / Catinaccio	2,981	9,781
Cima di Fradusta	2,939	9,642
Cimon del Froppa	2,932	9,649
Cima Canali	2,900	9,514
Grande Fermeda	2,873	9,426
Monte Agnèr	2,872	9,416
Fermedaturm	2,867	9,407
Cima d'Asta	2,848	9,344
Croda Grande	2,849	9,347
Vajoletturm / Torri del Vajolet (highest)	2,821	9,256
Sass Maor	2,814	9,232
Cima di Ball	2,802	9,193
Cima della Madonna (Sass Maor)	2,751	9,026
Cima della Rosetta	2,743	8,999
Cima Ambrizzola	2,715	8,907
Central Grasleitenspitze	2,705	8,875
Sassongher	2,665	8,743
Schlern	2,562	8,406
Sasso di Mur	2,554	8,380
Monte Siera	2,443	8,015
Cima delle Dodici	2,338	7,671
Monte Pavione	2,336	7,664
Cima Palon	2,239	7,346
Cima di Posta	2,235	7,333

Major passes

File:Frea pass Sella group Dolomites.jpg

View of Gardena Pass and Sella group from Pizes de Cir

Name	metres	feet
Ombretta Pass (Campitello to Caprile), footpath	2,738	8,983
Langkofeljoch (Gröden Valley to Campitello), footpath	2,683	8,803
Tschagerjoch (Karersee to the Vajolet Glen), footpath	2,644	8,675
Grasleiten Pass (Vajolet Glen to the Grasleiten Glen), footpath	2,597	8,521
Pravitale Pass (Rosetta Plateau to the Pravitale Glen), footpath	2,580	8,465
Comelle Pass (same to Cencenighe), footpath	2,579	8,462
Rosetta Pass (San Martino di Castrozza to the great limestone Rosetta plateau), footpath	2,573	8,442
Vajolet Pass (Tiers to the Vajolet Glen), footpath	2,549	8,363
Canali Pass (Primiero to Agordo), footpath	2,497	8,193
Tierseralpljoch (Campitello to Tiers), footpath	2,455	8,055
Ball Pass (San Martino di Castrozza to the Pravitale Glen), footpath	2,450	8,038
Forcella di Giralba (Sexten to Auronzo), footpath	2,436	7,992
Col dei Bos (Falzarego Glen to the Travernanzes Glen), footpath	2,313	7,589
Forcella Grande (San Vito to Auronzo), footpath	2,262	7,422
Pordoi Pass (Arabba to Val di Fassa), road	2,250	7,382
Sella Pass (Gröden Valley to Val di Fassa), road	2,244	7,362
Giau Pass (Cortina to Val Fiorentina), road	2,236	7,336
Tre Sassi Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), footpath	2,199	7,215
Valparola Pass (Cortina to St Cassian), road	2,168	7,113
Mahlknechtjoch (Upper Duron Glen to the Seiser Alp), footpath	2,168	7,113
Gardena Pass (Gröden Valley to Colfuschg), road	2,121	6,959
Falzarego Pass (Caprile to Cortina), road	2,117	6,946
Fedaja Pass (Val di Fassa to Caprile), bridle path	2,046	6,713
Valles Pass (Paneveggio to Falcade), road	2,032	6,667
Würzjoch (Eisacktal to Val Badia), road	2,003	6,572
Rolle Pass (Predazzo to San Martino di Castrozza and Primiero), road	1,984	6,509
Forcella Forada (Caprile to San Vito), bridle path	1,975	6,480
San Pellegrino Pass (Moena to Cencenighe), road	1,910	6,267
Campolongo Pass (Corvara to Arabba), road	1,875	6,152
Forcella d'Alleghe (Alleghe to the Zoldo Glen), footpath	1,820	5,971
Tre Croci Pass (Cortina to Auronzo), road	1,808	5,932
Furkel Pass (Mareo to Olang), road	1,759	5,771
Karerpass or Costalunga Pass (Welschnofen to Vigo di Fassa), road	1,753	5,751
Kreuzbergpass or Monte Croce Pass (Innichen and Sexten to the Piave Valley and Belluno), road	1,638	5,374
Ampezzo Pass (Toblach to Cortina and Belluno), path	1,544	5,066
Cereda Pass (Primiero to Agordo), road	1,372	4,501
Toblach Pass (Bruneck to Lienz), railway	1,209	3,967

Major parks

File:Parco Naturale Tre Cime horses 3.jpg

Horses on pasture at Parco Naturale Tre Cime, South Tyrol. Cadini di Misurina in the background

• Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park 3,200 ha (7,900 acres)
• Ampezzo Dolomites Natural Park 11,200 ha (28,000 acres)
• Naturpark Fanes-Sennes-Prags 25,485 ha (62,970 acres)

• Paneveggio-Pale di San Martino Natural Park 19,726.09 ha (48,744.2 acres)
• Schlern-Rosengarten Nature Park 6,796 ha (16,790 acres)
• Naturpark Sextener Dolomiten 11,600 ha (29,000 acres)

• Puez-Geisler Nature Park 10,196 ha (25,190 acres)
• Adamello Brenta Natural Park 62,051 ha (153,330 acres)
• Friulian Dolomites Natural Park 36,950 ha (91,300 acres)

See also

• Alta Via 1
• Belluno
• Brenta group
• Dolomiti Bellunesi National Park
• Golden age of alpinism
• Italian front (World War I)
• Silver age of alpinism
• Strada delle 52 Gallerie
• Via ferrata
• White Friday (1916)
• White War

Bibliography

• This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: 
• Provincia di Belluno, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano-Alto Adige Autonome Provinz Bozen-Südtirol, Provincia di Pordenone, Provincia Autonoma di Trento, Provincia di Udine, Regione Autonoma Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 2008. Nomination of the Dolomites for inscription on the World Natural Heritage List UNESCO. Nomination Document. 363 pp. https://web.archive.org/web/20131225070444/http://fondazionedolomitiunesco.org/documentazione-2/01_DOLOMITES_nomination_document_jan2008_1236608233_1294933181.pdf

External links

• Franco Grisa Timelapse
• North of Italy in 4K - Bashir Abu Shakra
• Italian official cartography (Istituto Geografico Militare - IGM); on-line version: www.pcn.minambiente.it
• Information of the Dolomites