Dinar
The dinar (/dɪˈnɑːr/, /ˈdiːnɑː(r)/) is the name of the principal currency unit in several countries near the Mediterranean Sea, with a more widespread historical use. The English word "dinar" is the transliteration of the Arabic دينار (dīnār), which was borrowed via the Syriac dīnarā from the Latin dēnārius.[1][2]
The modern gold dinar is a projected bullion gold coin, and as of 2019[update] is not issued as an official currency by any state.
History
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The modern dinar's historical antecedents are the Eastern Roman silver denarius (greek δηνάριο - "dinario"), and gold dinar and the silver dirham, the main coin of the medieval Islamic empires, first issued in AH 77 (696–697 AD) (Late Antiquity) by Caliph Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan. The word "dinar" derives from the Latin word "dēnārius," a silver coin of ancient Rome, which was first minted about c. 211 BC.
The Kushan Empire introduced a gold coin known as the dīnāra in India in the 1st century AD; the Gupta Empire and its successors up to the 6th century adopted the coin.[3][4]
The 8th-century English king Offa of Mercia minted imitations of Abbasid dinars struck in 774 by Caliph al-Mansur with "Offa Rex" centred on the reverse.[5][6] The moneyer likely had no understanding of Arabic as the Arabic text contains many errors. Such coins may have been produced for trade with Islamic Spain. These coins are called a Mancus, which is also derived from the Arabic language.[7]
Legal tender
[edit | edit source]Countries with current usage
[edit | edit source]Countries currently using a currency called "dinar" or similar:
| Countries | Currency | ISO 4217 code |
|---|---|---|
| File:Flag of Algeria.svg Algeria | Algerian dinar | DZD |
| File:Flag of Bahrain.svg Bahrain | Bahraini dinar | BHD |
| File:Flag of Iraq.svg Iraq | Iraqi dinar | IQD |
| File:Flag of Jordan.svg Jordan | Jordanian dinar | JOD |
| File:Flag of Kuwait.svg Kuwait | Kuwaiti dinar | KWD |
| File:Flag of Libya.svg Libya | Libyan dinar | LYD |
| File:Flag of North Macedonia.svg North Macedonia | Macedonian denar | MKD MKN (1992−1993) |
| File:Flag of Serbia.svg Serbia | Serbian dinar | RSD CSD (2003–2006) |
| File:Flag of Tunisia.svg Tunisia | Tunisian dinar | TND |
As a subunit
[edit | edit source]- 1⁄100 of the Iranian rial
Countries with former usage
[edit | edit source]Countries and regions which have previously used a currency called "dinar" in the 20th century:
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See also
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- Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
- Kelantanese dinar
- Islamic State dinar
- List of circulating currencies
- Middle East economic integration
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Oxford English Dictionary, Second edition, 1989, s.v. "dinar"; online version November 2010
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- ^ Medieval European Coinage Archived 2023-08-12 at the Wayback Machine by Philip Grierson, p. 330.
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External links
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- Malaysia: Kelantan collects Zakat in Shariah money
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