Dicastery for the Eastern Churches
 Coat of arms of the Holy See | |
| Lua error in Module:Infobox_mapframe at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
| Error creating thumbnail: Palazzo dei Convertendi, seat of the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches | |
| Dicastery overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | January 6, 1862 |
| Preceding agencies |
|
| Type | Dicastery |
| Headquarters | Palazzo dei Convertendi, Rome, Italy |
| Dicastery executives |
|
| Part of a series on the |
| Roman Curia of the Holy See |
|---|
| File:Emblem of the Holy See usual.svg |
| Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 392: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal'). |
The Dicastery for the Eastern Churches (also called the Dicastery for the Oriental Churches), previously named the Congregation for the Oriental Churches[1] or Congregation for the Eastern Churches[2] (Latin: Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus), is a dicastery of the Roman Curia responsible for contact with the Eastern Catholic churches for the purpose of assisting their development and protecting their rights. It maintains whole and entire in the one Catholic Church the heritage and canon law of the various Eastern Catholic traditions. It has exclusive authority over Egypt and the Sinai Peninsula, Eritrea and northern Ethiopia, southern Albania and Bulgaria, Cyprus, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, Israel (and Palestinian territories), Syria, Jordan and Turkey,[1] and also oversees jurisdictions based in Romania, Southern Italy, Hungary, India and Ukraine.
It was founded by the motu proprio Dei providentis of Pope Benedict XV as the "Sacred Congregation for the Oriental Church" on 1 May 1917.
Structure
[edit | edit source]Patriarchs and major archbishops of the Oriental churches, and the president of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, are members of this dicastery by virtue of the law itself.[3] The consultors and officials are selected to reflect the diversity of rites.[4]
Authority
[edit | edit source]This dicastery has authority over:
- all matters which relate to the Oriental churches referred to the Holy See (structure and organisation of the churches; exercise of the offices of teaching, sanctifying and ruling; status, rights, and obligations of persons), and
- the ad limina visits of Eastern bishops.[5]
This dicastery's authority does not include the exclusive authority of the Dicastery for the Doctrine of the Faith and for the Causes of Saints, of the Apostolic Penitentiary, the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, and the Tribunal of the Roman Rota, including what pertains to dispensations from a marriage ratum sed non consummatum ('"ratified but not consummated").[note 1] In matters which affect the Eastern as well as the Latin churches, the dicastery operates, if the matter is important enough, in consultation with the dicastery that has authority in the matter for the Latin Church.[6] The Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem is exempt from the authority of the dicastery, being directly subject to the Holy See.[7][failed verification]
The dicastery pays special attention to communities of Eastern Catholic faithful who live in the territory of the Latin Church and attends to their spiritual needs by providing visitors and even their own hierarchs, so far as possible and where numbers and circumstances require, in consultation with the congregation competent to establish particular churches in the region.[8]
In regions where the Eastern churches have been dominant from ancient times, apostolic and missionary activity is solely the responsibility of this dicastery, even if the above is carried out by Latin Church missionaries.[9]
The dicastery collaborates with the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity in matters that concern relations with non-Catholic Eastern churches and with the Dicastery for Interreligious Dialogue in matters within the scope of the latter.[10]
History
[edit | edit source]On 6 January 1862, Pope Pius IX established the Congregatio de Propaganda Fide pro negotiis ritus orientalis, a section of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith "for the affairs of the Oriental Rite", with the apostolic constitution Romani Pontifici.[11] Pope Benedict XV declared it independent on 1 May 1917 with the motu proprio Dei providentis and named it the Congregatio pro Ecclesia Orientali (Congregation for the Eastern Church).[12] It was presided over by the pope and a cardinal filled the role of Secretary. There were also councillors, chosen from among the more distinguished clergy and those experienced in issues affecting these churches.[13] Pope Paul VI changed its name by adopting the plural Congregatio pro Ecclesiis Orientalibus (Congregation for Eastern Churches) with the apostolic constitution Regimini Ecclesiae Universae of 15 August 1967, reflecting the major decree Orientalium Ecclesiarum of the Second Vatican Council.[1] Pope Francis, with his apostolic constitution Praedicate evangelium, which took effect on 5 June 2022, changed its name to the Dicastery for the Eastern Churches.[14]
The current prefect of the dicastery is Claudio Gugerotti.[15] The secretary is Michel Jalakh.[16] The undersecretary is Flavio Pace.[17] Two are clerics of the Latin Church with Jalakh being a Maronite.
Leadership
[edit | edit source]| Prefect of Congregation for the Oriental Churches | |
|---|---|
| File:Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg | |
since November 21, 2022 | |
| Congregation for the Oriental Churches | |
| Style | His Excellency |
| Member of | Roman Curia |
| Reports to | The Pope |
| Appointer | The Pope |
| Term length | Five years, renewable |
| Formation | 1917 |
From 1917 to 1967, the pope held the title of prefect of the Congregation, which was headed by a cardinal secretary. From then until 2022 it was headed by a cardinal prefect. When Claudio Gugerotti was named to head this Curia office, by then called a dicastery, he was an archbishop.
| No. | Name | From | Until | Prefect/Appointer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Coat of arms of Niccolรฒ Marini.svg | Niccolรฒ Marini | 1917 | 1922 | Benedict XV |
| 2 | File:Giovanni Tacci Porcelli.jpg | Giovanni Tacci Porcelli | 1922 | 1927 | Pius XI |
| 3 | File:Coat of arms of Luigi Sincero.svg | Luigi Sincero | 1927 | 1936 | Pius XI |
| 4 | Eugรจne-Gabriel- Gervais-Laurent Tisserant |
1936 | 1959 | Pius XI | |
| 5 | File:CICOGNANI AMLETO GIOVANNI (+1973).jpg | Amleto Giovanni Cicognani |
1959 | 1961 | John XXIII |
| 6 | File:External Ornaments of a Cardinal Bishop.svg | Gabriel Acacius Coussa | 1961 Pro-Secretary |
1962 Secretary |
John XXIII |
| 7 | File:Coat of arms of Gustavo Testa.svg | Gustavo Testa | 1962 | 1967 | John XXIII |
.jpg){kind=link}
| No. | Name | From | Until | Appointer | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | File:Coat of arms of Gustavo Testa.svg | Gustavo Testa | 15 August 1967 | 13 January 1968 | Paul VI |
| 2 | File:Coat of arms of Maximilien de Furstenberg OESSJ.svg | Maximilien de Furstenberg |
15 January 1968 | 8 February 1973 | Paul VI |
| 3 | File:Coat of arms of Paul-Pierre Philippe.svg | Paul-Pierre Philippe | 6 March 1973 | 27 June 1980 | Paul VI |
| 4 | File:Wลadysลaw Rubin.jpg | Wลadysลaw Rubin | 27 June 1980 | 30 October 1985 | John Paul II |
| 5 | File:Coat of arms of Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy.svg | Duraisamy Simon Lourdusamy |
30 October 1985 | 24 May 1991 | John Paul II |
| 6 | File:Achille Silvestrini.jpg | Achille Silvestrini | 24 May 1991 | 7 September 2000 | John Paul II |
| 7 | File:Coat of arms of Ignatius Moses I Daoud.svg | Ignatius Moussa Daoud | 25 November 2000 | 9 June 2007[18] | John Paul II |
| 8 | File:Argentine Cardinal Leonardo Sandri in 2014 (cropped).jpg | Leonardo Sandri | 9 June 2007[18] | 21 November 2022[15] | Benedict XVI |
| 9 | File:Claudio Gugerotti 1.jpg | Claudio Gugerotti | 21 November 2022[15] | Incumbent | Francis |
.jpg){kind=link}
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ This is according to the Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 58 ยง2. However, on 30 August 2011, Pope Benedict XVI amended Pastor Bonus with the motu proprio Quaerit semper, thereby transferring jurisdiction over marriages ratum sed non consummatum from the Dicastery for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments to a special office at the Tribunal of the Roman Rota. The law obrogated the provision stating the "exclusive competence" of the Dicastery for Divine Worship regarding these marriages, for this provision was not expressly abrogated and the office at the Roman Rota now oversees dispensations from such marriages. (Cf. Benedict XVI, MP Quaerit semper, accessed August 8, 2012.)
References
[edit | edit source]Footnotes
[edit | edit source]- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 57 ยง1
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 57 ยง2
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 58 ยง1
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 58 ยง2
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 59
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 60
- ^ Ap. Const. Pastor Bonus, Art. 61
- ^ Noonan, The Church Visible, pp. 69 & 537.
- ^ Norwich, Absolute Monarchs, pg. 426.
- ^ Benedict XV, Dei providentis, 2
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b c Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Bibliography
[edit | edit source]- Noonan, James-Charles Jr. The Church Visible: The Ceremonial Life and Protocol of the Roman Catholic Church (New York: VIKING, 1996). Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- Norwich, John Julius. Absolute Monarchs: A History of the Papacy (New York: Random House, 2011).
External links
[edit | edit source]- Official website (in Italian)
- Oriente Cattolico (The Catholic East) โ official publication
- Dicastery for the Eastern Churches โ GCatholic.org
Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 153: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 392: bad argument #2 to 'title.new' (unrecognized namespace name 'Portal').