Hieracium lachenalii
| Hieracium lachenalii | |
|---|---|
| File:Hawkweed 2007-5.jpg | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Asterids |
| Order: | Asterales |
| Family: | Asteraceae |
| Genus: | Hieracium |
| Species: | H. lachenalii
|
| Binomial name | |
| Hieracium lachenalii | |
| File:Range of Hieracium lachenalii-World.svg | |
| Hieracium lachenalii distribution | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
|
Synonymy
| |
Hieracium lachenalii, or common hawkweed, is a species of plant in the tribe Cichorieae within the family Asteraceae. It is native to Europe but has become established as a weed in Australia and parts of North America.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The species was widely known for many years as H. vulgatum,[3] but more recent studies have indicated that the two names represent the same species. The name H. lachenalii was coined in 1802,[4] and H. vulgatum in 1819,[5] so per taxonomic regulations, the older name is to be used, with H. vulgatum delegated to being a synonym.[6]
Description
[edit | edit source]This common weed can grow and produce flowers on plants that range from 4 inches (10 centimeters) to 36 inches (91 cm) tall. The rhizome is short and stout. The broadly elliptic leaves can be up to 5 inches (13 centimeters) long and taper with teeth towards the base.[7] Each flower head has 40-80 ray florets but no disc florets.[8][9] Bracts surround the flower head; the receptacle (basal part of the flower on which the florets are attached) is flat and naked; heads tend to start together then become somewhat solitary on long leafless stems.[8] The stalks below the heads are covered with scattered, simple and gland-tipped black hairs and contain a milky substance.[9]
The pale yellow flowers are produced during all of the summer months. The fruit are dark brown achenes.[7]
Common names
[edit | edit source]- Croatian: Obična runjika
- Dutch: Gewoon havikskruid
- German: Gewöhnliches Habichtskraut, Lachenals Habichtskraut
- English: Common Hawkweed
- French: Epervière de Lachenal
- Hungarian: Közönséges hölgymál[10]
- Italian: Sparviere comune
- Latvian: Jakarda mauraga
- Polish: Jastrzębiec Lachenala
- Serbian: Maslačak
- Slovene: Lachenalova škržolica, Navadna škržolica
- Russian: Ястребинка Жаккара[11]
- Welsh: Heboglys
- Swedish: Hagfibbla
Distribution and habitat
[edit | edit source]Native to most of Europe,[11] Hieracium lachenalii was introduced to temperate parts of North America,[12] and to Australia.[8] It can sometimes be found in soils that have been disturbed.[13]
Europe
[edit | edit source]In Europe, the species is found in Austria, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Corsica, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, France, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Montenegro, Netherlands, North Macedonia, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, San Marino, Serbia, Slovenia, Slovakia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, the United Kingdom, and Russia.
North America
[edit | edit source]Subarctic America: Greenland.[14]
Canada: Provinces of British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec.[14]
United States: States of Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Washington, and Wisconsin.[14]
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Tropicos, search for Hieracium lachenalii
- ^ The Plant List, Hieracium lachenalii Suter
- ^ Flora of North America, Hieracium vulgatum Fries, 1819.
- ^ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium lachenalii
- ^ The International Plant Names Index, Hieracium vulgatum
- ^ International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (Melbourne Code), article 11
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- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Az ANP (valamint a Gömör-Tornai-karszt magyarországi részének) taxonlistája
- ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).[permanent dead link]
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2014 state-level distribution map
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
- File:Wikispecies-logo.svg Data related to Hieracium lachenalii at Wikispecies
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