Choerodon
| Choerodon | |
|---|---|
| File:Choerodon fasciatus.jpg | |
| Harlequin tuskfish (C. fasciatus) | |
| File:ChoerodCauteromaRLS.jpg | |
| Blue-spotted tuskfish (C. cauteroma) | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Actinopterygii |
| Order: | Labriformes |
| Family: | Labridae |
| Subfamily: | Hypsigenyinae |
| Genus: | Choerodon Bleeker, 1849 |
| Type species | |
| Labrus macrodontus Lacépède, 1801[1]
| |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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List
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Choerodon is a genus of wrasses native to the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.[3] They originated in the Miocene, when the Australian and Eurasian Plates collided.[4] They are commonly referred to as tuskfish, because most species have sharp tusk-like teeth.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]The genus Choerodon is most closely related to the odacine wrasses. Both groups are part of the wrasse tribe Hypsigenyini. Choerodon is split into 6 subgenera.[5] Molecular phylogenetic analysis has so far demonstrated the monophyly of the subgenera, although not all species in the genus have been evaluated.[6]
Choerodon typus was traditionally placed within its own genus Xiphocheilus, but both morphological and molecular analyses now place it within Choerodon, with Xiphocheilus becoming its subgenus name instead.[5][6]
Potential tool use in tuskfishes
[edit | edit source]Orange-dotted, blue, graphic, and blackspot tuskfish have been recorded using large rocks or hard coral as "anvils", upon which they smash open hard-shelled prey items. All four species belong to the subgenus Choerodon, and can remember to use a particular rock or coral repeatedly for this purpose. This behaviour usually involves invertebrate prey such as clams and sea urchins, but on one occasion, a blue tuskfish was filmed smashing a young green sea turtle on an anvil.[7][8][9][10][11] Anvil use is also documented in several other wrasse genera.[11][12][13]
Species
[edit | edit source]The 27 currently recognized species in this genus are:[3][5][14][15]
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References
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