Cerithiidae
| Cerithiidae | |
|---|---|
| File:Rhinoclavis vertagus shell.jpg | |
| Apertural view of a shell of Rhinoclavis vertagus. | |
| Scientific classification Edit this classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Mollusca |
| Class: | Gastropoda |
| Subclass: | Caenogastropoda |
| Superfamily: | Cerithioidea |
| Family: | Cerithiidae Fleming, 1822[1] |
| Diversity[2] | |
| 71 extant species of Bittiinae | |
Cerithiidae, common name the cerithiids or ceriths, is a large family of medium-sized marine gastropods in the clade Sorbeoconcha.
Distribution
[edit | edit source]Ceriths are found worldwide on sandy bottoms, reef flats or coral reef rock covered with sand and algae in the sublittoral zone[littoral or neritic? clarification needed] of warm or temperate waters. Most are found in tropical areas. A few occur along the European coastline and about 30 species in two genera are found along the American coast. A few species occur in estuarine areas of mangrove forests close to the sea. Only a few species of the subfamily Bittiinae are found in deep water. [citation needed]
Diet
[edit | edit source]Ceriths are herbivores and detritivores that graze the sea bed.
Description
[edit | edit source]Their slender shell is elongated with a pointed spire. They vary in size from 3 mm (Bittium alternatum) to 150 mm (Cerithium nodulosum). The smallest shells are found in the subfamily Bittiinae.
The many whorls have radial sculpture with axial ridges and nodules. The aperture shows at its base a vague curve or a distinct siphonal canal. The aperture is closed off by a thin oval brown operculum that is corneous and paucispiral. The palatal wall of the aperture is somewhat enlarged and often shows a varix.
The taenioglossan radula has seven teeth in each row. The single rachidian tooth is flanked on each side by one rhomboidal lateral tooth and two long, hook-like marginal teeth.
Taxonomy
[edit | edit source]Subfamilies
[edit | edit source]The following three subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):[3]
- Alabininae Dall, 1927
- Bittiinae Cossmann, 1906[4]
- Cerithiinae Fleming, 1822 - synonyms: Rhinoclavinae Gründel, 1982; Colininae Golikov & Starobogatov, 1987
Bandel (2006)[5] used different classification: Bittiinae on its own family level named Diastomatidae (overview of WoRMS).
Some authors classify Argyropezinae Bandel, 2006 as a synonym of Bittiinae.[6]
Genera
[edit | edit source]The following genera are recognised in the family Cerithiidae:[7]
- Alabina Dall, 1902 - type genus of the subfamily Alabininae, the type species of the genus Alabina is extinct[3]
- Argyropeza Melvill & Standen, 1901
- †Bezanconia P. Fischer, 1884
- Bittiolum Cossmann, 1906
- Bittium J. E. Gray, 1847 - type genus of the subfamily Bittiinae,[3]
- †Bogatschevia A. A. Ali-Zade & Kabakova, 1969
- Cacozeliana Strand, 1928
- Cassiella Gofas, 1987
- †Cerithidella Stache, 1889
- Cerithidium Monterosato, 1884
- Cerithioclava Olsson & Harbison, 1953
- Cerithium Bruguière, 1789 - type genus of the subfamily Cerithiinae,[3]
- †Chavanicerithium Ludbrook, 1957
- Clavocerithium Cossmann, 1920
- Clypeomorus Jousseaume, 1888
- Colina H. Adams & A. Adams, 1854
- †Conocerithium Sacco, 1895
- Dahlakia H. E. J. Biggs, 1971
- Fastigiella Reeve, 1848
- †Globulocerithium Pacaud, 2023
- Glyptozaria Iredale, 1924
- Gourmya P. Fischer, 1884
- Ittibittium Houbrick, 1993
- †Jetwoodsia Ludbrook, 1971
- Limatium E. E. Strong & Bouchet, 2018
- Liocerithium Tryon, 1887
- Lirobittium Bartsch, 1911
- †Manulona Ludbrook, 1941
- †Megistocerithium Kase, 2015
- †Mesostomella Stache, 1889
- Neostylidium Doweld, 2013
- †Occidentocerithium Nützel, Blodgett & Stanley, 2003
- †Orthochetus Cossmann, 1889
- †Peraubium Dominici & Kowalke, 2014
- Pictorium E. E. Strong & Bouchet, 2013
- †Pseudoaluco B. L. Clark, 1946
- Pseudovertagus Vignal, 1904
- †Ptychocerithium Sacco, 1895
- Rhinoclavis Swainson, 1840
- Royella Iredale, 1912
- †Semibittium Cossmann, 1896
- †Taxonia H. J. Finlay, 1926
- †Texmelanatria K. van W. Palmer, 1942
- Varicopeza Gründel, 1976
- Zebittium H. J. Finlay, 1926
- †Zefallacia H. J. Finlay, 1926
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Fleming, John (1822). The philosophy of zoology 2: 491.
- ^ Strong E. E., Colgan D. J., Healy J. M., Lydeard C., Ponder W. F. & Glaubrecht M. (2011). "Phylogeny of the gastropod superfamily Cerithioidea using morphology and molecules". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 162(1): 43-89. Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value)..
- ^ a b c d Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Cossmann (1906). Essais de paléoconchologie comparée 7: 64, 137.
- ^ Bandel K. (2006). "Families of the Cerithioidea and related superfamilies (Palaeo-Caenogastropoda; Mollusca) from the Triassic to the Recent characterized by protoconch morphology - including the description of new taxa". Freiberger Forschungshefte C 511: 59-138. PDF[permanent dead link].
- ^ Gofas, S. (2011). Bittiinae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=411649 on 2011-06-26
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (June 2011) |
- Houbrick R. S. (1978). The family Cerithiidae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1. The genera Rhinoclavis, Pseudovertagus and Clavocerithium. Monographs of Marine Mollusca 1: 1–130.
- Houbrick R. S. (1992). Monograph of the genus Cerithium Bruguiere in the Indo-Pacific (Cerithiidae--Prosobranchia). 211 p., Smithsonian Institution Press (Washington, D.C.)], PDF.
- Wood, Elvira. The Phylogeny of Certain Cerithidae, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, Volume XXIV, New York, May 1910, pp. 1–92, Pl. I-IX.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Miocene Gastropods and Biostratigraphy of the Kern River Area, California; United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 642 Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- Houbrick, Richard S. "Phylogenetic relationships and generic review of the Bittiinae (Prosobranchia: Cerithioidea)." Malacologia (1993).
- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
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