Calymene
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| Calymene | |
|---|---|
| File:Calymene clavicula dorsal.jpg | |
| Calymene clavicula 32mm, Henryhouse Formation, Oklahoma, Cayugan | |
| Scientific classification Error creating thumbnail: | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Clade: | †Artiopoda |
| Class: | †Trilobita |
| Order: | †Phacopida |
| Family: | †Calymenidae |
| Genus: | †Calymene Brongniart, 1822 |
| Type species | |
| Calymene blumenbachii Brongniart, 1822 [1]
| |
Calymene is a genus of trilobites in the order Phacopida, suborder Calymenina, that are found throughout North America, North Africa, and Europe in primarily Silurian outcrops.[2] Calymene is closely related to Flexicalymene, and both genera are frequently found enrolled.[3] Calymene trilobites are small, typically 2 cm in length. The cephalon is the widest part of the animal and the thorax usually has 13 segments.[4]
The correct genus authorship is Brongniart (1822).[5] A previously published genus description in Desmarest (1816)[6] (often mis-cited as "Calymena" Desmarest, 1817) was suppressed by ICZN Opinion 1433.
Etymology
[edit | edit source]Calymene - meaning beautiful crescent as a reference to the glabella.
Known species and locations
[edit | edit source]- †Calymene blumenbachii, Dudley, England - Type[1]
- †Calymene brevicapitata, N. and S. Wales
- †Calymene breviceps, Indiana and Illinois
- †Calymene celebra, Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin.[7][8]
- †Calymene clavicula, Oklahoma
- †Calymene daviesii, Radnorshire, Wales
- †Calymene duplicata, Wales and Ireland
- †Calymene hopkinsoni, Wales
- †Calymene niagarensis, New York
- †Calymene parvifrons, Wales
- †Calymene senaria, N. Wales and Ireland
- †Calymene tristani, Cornwall, England
- †Calymene tuberculata, Gotland, Sweden
- †Calymene vogdesi, Ohio
- †Calymene sp. in the Silurian–Ordovician of Morocco
Reassigned species
[edit | edit source]Since the genus Calymene was established early on in paleontology, a number of species previously assigned to it have since been transferred to other genera:[9]
- C. aculeata = Parasolenopleura aculeata
- C. aequalis = Archegonus aequalis
- C. anchiops = Anchiopella anchiops
- C. arachnoides = Asteropyge arachnoides
- C. arago = Colpocoryphe arago
- C. articulata = Crotalocephalus articulatus
- C. baylei = Metacalymene baylei
- C. bellatula = Cybele bellatula
- C. bufo rana = Phacops rana
- C. calicephala = Orimops calicephala
- C. canaliculata = Solenopleura canaliculata[10]
- C. cambrensis = Flexicalymene cambrensis
- C. caractaci = Flexicalymene caractaci
- C. clavifrons = Cyrtometopus clavifrons
- C. concinna = Proetus concinnus
- C. diademata = Diacalymene diademata
- C. downingiae = Acaste downingiae
- C. frontiloba = Pliomera fischeri
- C. granulata = Phacops granulatus
- C. holometopa = Solenopleura holometopa[10]
- C. marginata = Perliproetus marginata
- C. odini = Chasmops odini
- C. ornata = Ceraurinella ornata[11]
- C. papillata = Papillicalymene papillata
- C. platycephala = Platycoryphe platycephala
- C. polytoma = Pliomera fischeri
- C. sclerops = Pterygometopus sclerops
- C. sinensis = Blackwelderia sinensis
- C. speciosa = Parapilekia speciosa
- C. stenometopa = Acrocephalites stenometopus
- C. stokesii = Phacopidae, generic assignment uncertain[12]
- C. tingi = Calymenesun tingi
- C. tournemini = Placoparia tournemini
- C. tristani = Synhomalonotus tristani
- C. unicornis = Reedocalymene unicornis
- C. variolaris = Balizoma variolaris
- C. verrucosa = Atractopyge verrucosa
- C. volborthi = Ptychometopus volborthi
References
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- ^ Brongniart, A. 1822. Les Trilobites. pp. 1-65, pls. 1-4 in: Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Fossiles. Paris. F.-G. Levrault, Libraire. 154 pp. 11 pls.
- ^ Desmarest, A-G. 1816. Calymène. pp. 49-50 in: Nouveau Dictionnaire d'Histoire Naturelle, Nouvelle Edition, Tome 5.
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External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
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Categories:
- Calymenidae
- Silurian trilobites of Europe
- Silurian trilobites of North America
- Early Ordovician first appearances
- Early Devonian genus extinctions
- Phacopida genera
- Tremadocian
- Floian
- Dapingian
- Darriwilian
- Sandbian
- Katian
- Hirnantian
- Rhuddanian
- Aeronian
- Telychian
- Sheinwoodian
- Homerian
- Gorstian
- Ludfordian
- Pridoli life
- Lochkovian life
- Pragian life
- Fossils of Georgia (U.S. state)
- Paleozoic life of Ontario
- Paleozoic life of the Northwest Territories
- Paleozoic life of Nova Scotia
- Paleozoic life of Nunavut
- Paleozoic life of Quebec
- Fossil taxa described in 1822