Calcifuge
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A calcifuge is a plant that does not tolerate alkaline (basic) soil.[1] The word is derived from the Latin 'to flee from chalk'. These plants are also described as ericaceous, as the prototypical calcifuge is the genus Erica (heaths). It is not the presence of carbonate or hydroxide ions per se that these plants cannot tolerate, but the fact that under alkaline conditions, iron becomes less soluble. Consequently, calcifuges grown on alkaline soils often develop the symptoms of iron deficiency, i.e. interveinal chlorosis of new growth. There are many horticultural plants which are calcifuges, most of which require an 'ericaceous' compost with a low pH, composed principally of Sphagnum moss peat. Alternatively sulphur chips may be used to lower soil pH.
A plant that thrives in lime-rich soils is known as a calcicole.
Examples
[edit | edit source]Order Ericales
[edit | edit source]- Andromeda polifolia
- Calluna (common heather)
- Cassiope lycopodioides
- Daboecia
- Enkianthus campanulatus
- Erica (but not E. carnea or E. erigena)
- Gaultheria mucronata
- Kalmia latifolia (calico bush)
- Pieris
- Rhododendron (many species of rhododendron and azalea)
- Vaccinium corymbosum (northern highbush blueberry)
- Vaccinium myrtillus (bilberry)
- Pitcher plants of the genera Sarracenia, Darlingtonia, and Heliamphora
- Camellia sinensis (Tea plant)
Order Caryophyllales
[edit | edit source]- Drosera (sundew species; but some species are calcitolerant or calciphilous)
- Dionaea muscipula (Venus flytrap)
- Nepenthes (pitcher plants; but some species are calcitolerant or even calciphilous)
Order Lamiales
[edit | edit source]- Utricularia sect. Calpidisca and some other subgenera (non-epiphytic terrestrial bladderworts; there are some species that prefer neutral pH or are calciphilous)
Other orders
[edit | edit source]- Cornus florida (dogwood)
- Quercus (Some species of oak)
- Corylopsis pauciflora
- Disanthus cercidifolius
- Fothergilla major
- Hamamelis vernalis (spring witch hazel)
- Meconopsis grandis (Himalayan blue poppy)
- Avena sativa (oat)
References
[edit | edit source]External links
[edit | edit source]- Tyler, G. 1996. Mineral nutrient limitations of calcifuge plants in phosphate sufficient limestone soil. Annals of Botany. 77 (6) 649-656.[dead link]
