Bullet (typography)
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| • | |
|---|---|
Bullet | |
| In Unicode | U+2022 • <reserved-2022> (•, •) |
| Different from | |
| Different from | U+00B7 · <reserved-00B7> U+2219 ∙ <reserved-2219> |
| Related | |
| See also | other types of bullet symbols, listed below |
In typography, a bullet or bullet point, •, is a typographical mark used to introduce items in a list. For example:
- Milk
- Eggs
- Bread
- Butter
The bullet symbol may take any of a variety of shapes, such as circular, square, diamond or arrow. Typical word processor software offers a wide selection of shapes and colors. Several regular symbols, such as * (asterisk), - (hyphen), . (period), and even o (lowercase Latin letter O), are conventionally used in ASCII-only text or other environments where bullet characters are not available. Historically, the index symbol ☞ (representing a hand with a pointing index finger) was popular for similar uses.
Lists made with bullets are called bulleted lists. The HTML element name for a bulleted list is "unordered list", because the list items are not arranged in numerical order (as they would be in a numbered list).
"Bullet points"
[edit | edit source]Items—known as "bullet points"—may be short phrases, single sentences, or of paragraph length.[1] Bulleted items are not usually terminated with a full stop unless they are complete sentences. In some cases, however, the style guide for a given publication may call for every item except the last one in each bulleted list to be terminated with a semicolon, and the last item with a full stop. It is correct to terminate any bullet point with a full stop if the text within that item consists of one full sentence or more. Bullet points are usually used to highlight list elements.[2]
History
[edit | edit source]The 1950 New York News Type Book is credited as the first style guide to include a defined use for bullets. The Type Book described it as a typographic device to be used as an "Accessory" alongside asterisks, checks, and other marks available to people making advertisements for the News. The book "neither discusses the function of bullets in advertisements nor distinguishes them from any of the other items in the 'accessories' category", but can be seen to use them as a form of dinkus in an advertising panel.[3]
Modern use
[edit | edit source]Example: "Bullets are often used in technical writing, reference works, notes, and presentations". This statement may be presented using bullets or other techniques.
Bullets are often used in:
- Technical writing
- Reference works
- Notes
- Presentations
Alternatives to bulleted lists are numbered lists and outlines (lettered lists, hierarchical lists). They are used where either the order is important or to label the items for later referencing.
Other uses
[edit | edit source]The bullet glyph is sometimes used as a way to hide passwords or confidential information in a practice known as password masking.[4] For example, the credit card number 1234 5678 9876 4321 might be displayed as •••• •••• •••• 4321.
Bullet operator
[edit | edit source]A variant, the bullet operator (U+2219 ∙ <reserved-2219>) has a unicode code-point but its purpose does not appear to be documented.[a] The glyph was transposed into Unicode from the original IBM PC character set, Code page 437, where it had the code-point F916 (24910).[5]
Computer usage
[edit | edit source]There have been different ways to encode bullet points in computer systems.
In historical systems
[edit | edit source]Glyphs such as •, ◦ and their reversed variants ◘, ◙ became available in text mode since early IBM PCs with MDA–CGA–EGA graphic adapters, because built-in screen fonts contained such forms at code points 7–10. These were not true characters because such points belong to the C0 control codes range; therefore, these glyphs required a special way to be placed on the screen (see code page 437 for discussion).
Prior to the widespread use of word processors, bullets were often denoted by an asterisk; several word processors automatically convert asterisks to bullets if used at the start of line. This notation was inherited by Setext and wiki engines.
In Unicode
[edit | edit source]There are a variety of Unicode bullet characters, including:
- U+2022 • <reserved-2022> (•, •)
- U+2023 ‣ <reserved-2023>
- U+2043 ⁃ <reserved-2043> (⁃)
- U+204C ⁌ <reserved-204C>
- U+204D ⁍ <reserved-204D>
- U+2219 ∙ <reserved-2219> for use in mathematical notation primarily as a dot product instead of interpunct.
- U+25CB ○ <reserved-25CB> (○)
- U+25CF ● <reserved-25CF>
- U+25D8 ◘ <reserved-25D8>
- U+25E6 ◦ <reserved-25E6>
- U+2619 ☙ <reserved-2619>; see Fleuron (typography)
- U+2765 ❥ <reserved-2765>
- U+2767 ❧ <reserved-2767>; see Fleuron (typography)
- U+29BE ⦾ <reserved-29BE> (⦾)
- U+29BF ⦿ <reserved-29BF> (⦿)
- U+25C9 ◉ <reserved-25C9> used in Japan as a bullet, and called tainome
In web pages
[edit | edit source]To create bulleted list items for a web page, the markup language HTML provides the list tag <li>. The browser will display one bulleted list item for each item in an unordered list.
In Windows
[edit | edit source]When using the US keyboard, a bullet point character can be produced by pressing 7 on the numpad while keeping Alt pressed.[6]
In MacOS
[edit | edit source]When using the US keyboard, a bullet point character can be produced by pressing 8 while keeping Option(Alt) pressed.[7]
In LaTeX
[edit | edit source]To create bulleted list items for a document, the markup language LaTeX provides the item tag \item . Each item tag inside an itemized list will generate one bulleted list item.[8]
Wiki markup
[edit | edit source]A list item on a wiki page is indicated using one or more leading asterisks in wiki markup as well as in many other wikis.[9]
Other uses in computing
[edit | edit source]The bullet is often used for separating menu items, usually in the footer menu. It is common, for example, to see it in website designs and in many WordPress themes. It is also used by text editors, like Microsoft Word, to create lists.
Notes
[edit | edit source]- ^ Many sources suggest that it means logical conjunction. In fact, the symbol is the conventional one for this function. All the sources appear to derive from an earlier version of this Wikipedia page, where that assertion was made without adequate evidence.
References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Further reading
[edit | edit source]- Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). Access to most interior pages is via search.
External links
[edit | edit source]- Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons
