Brive-la-Gaillarde
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Brive-la-Gaillarde
Briva la Galharda (Occitan) | |
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Subprefecture and commune | |
| The Hôtel de Ville The Hôtel de Ville | |
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Coat of arms of Brive-la-Gaillarde Coat of arms | |
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| Country | France |
| Region | Nouvelle-Aquitaine |
| Department | Corrèze |
| Arrondissement | Brive-la-Gaillarde |
| Canton | Brive-la-Gaillarde-1, 2, 3 and 4 |
| Intercommunality | CA Bassin de Brive |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Frédéric Soulier[1] |
Area 1 | 48.59 km2 (18.76 sq mi) |
| Population (Lua error in Module:Settlement_Wikidata at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).)Lua error in Module:Settlement_Wikidata at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | Lua error in Module:Settlement_Wikidata at line 197: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). |
| Demonym | Brivistes |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 19031 /19100 |
| Elevation | 102–315 m (335–1,033 ft) (avg. 142 m or 466 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
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Brive-la-Gaillarde (French pronunciation: [bʁiv la ɡajaʁd] Audio file "Fr-Paris--Brive-la-Gaillarde.ogg" not found; Limousin dialect of Occitan: Briva la Galharda), commonly known as simply Brive, is a commune of France. It is a sub-prefecture and the largest city of the Corrèze department. It has around 46,000 inhabitants, while the population of the agglomeration was 75,579 in 2019.[2]
Although it is by far the biggest commune in Corrèze, the capital is Tulle. In French popular culture, the town is associated with a song by Georges Brassens.
History
[edit | edit source]Even though the inhabitants settled around the 1st century, the city only started to grow much later. From around the 5th century onwards, the original city began to develop around a church dedicated to Saint-Martin-l'Espagnol. During the 12th century walls were built around the city and during the Hundred Years' War a second wall was built. These fortifications no longer exist and have been replaced by boulevards. The Hôtel de Ville was commissioned as the Collège des Doctrinaires (College of Doctrinaires) and completed in 1671.[3]
The commune was named "Brive" until 1919, when it was renamed "Brive-la-Gaillarde". The word "Gaillarde" (still used in current French) probably stands for bravery or strength in the city's name, but it can also refer to the city's walls. Brive now extends outside of its original boundaries into Malemort and Ussac.[citation needed]
During World War II, Brive-la-Gaillarde was a regional capital of the Resistance, acting as a seat of several clandestine information networks and several of the principal resistance movements, including the Armée secrète (or "Secret Army") and the Mouvements Unis de la Résistance (or "United Movements of the Resistance").[citation needed]
Brive-la-Gaillarde was the first city of Occupied France to liberate itself by its own means, on 15 August 1944. For this, the city received the "Croix de guerre 1939–1945" military decoration.[citation needed]
The medieval centre is mainly a commercial district with retail shops and various cafés. It is also the location of the city hall, the main police station, and the Labenche museum. One notable landmark outside the inner city is the Pont Cardinal, a bridge which used to be a crossing point for travelers from Paris to Toulouse.[citation needed]
Climate
[edit | edit source]| Climate data for Brive-la-Gaillarde (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1987–present) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) |
25.0 (77.0) |
27.1 (80.8) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.9 (91.2) |
39.6 (103.3) |
42.1 (107.8) |
40.8 (105.4) |
37.5 (99.5) |
33.2 (91.8) |
25.6 (78.1) |
20.1 (68.2) |
42.1 (107.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.6 (49.3) |
11.4 (52.5) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.1 (64.6) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.7 (78.3) |
27.9 (82.2) |
27.9 (82.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
19.4 (66.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 5.4 (41.7) |
6.1 (43.0) |
9.2 (48.6) |
11.9 (53.4) |
15.6 (60.1) |
19.2 (66.6) |
21.1 (70.0) |
21.0 (69.8) |
17.3 (63.1) |
13.9 (57.0) |
8.8 (47.8) |
5.9 (42.6) |
12.9 (55.2) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 1.3 (34.3) |
0.8 (33.4) |
3.1 (37.6) |
5.6 (42.1) |
9.2 (48.6) |
12.6 (54.7) |
14.3 (57.7) |
14.0 (57.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.3 (46.9) |
4.3 (39.7) |
1.7 (35.1) |
7.2 (45.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.8 (10.8) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
−12.6 (9.3) |
−5.4 (22.3) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
2.1 (35.8) |
5.2 (41.4) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.6 (33.1) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−10.2 (13.6) |
−13.4 (7.9) |
−16.4 (2.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 73.9 (2.91) |
59.5 (2.34) |
66.4 (2.61) |
87.5 (3.44) |
87.1 (3.43) |
78.4 (3.09) |
63.1 (2.48) |
67.4 (2.65) |
73.4 (2.89) |
79.5 (3.13) |
85.1 (3.35) |
82.6 (3.25) |
903.9 (35.59) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 11.5 | 9.7 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 10.6 | 9.4 | 7.4 | 8.2 | 8.8 | 10.6 | 11.8 | 12.0 | 122.3 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 84.8 | 114.0 | 167.9 | 185.1 | 216.6 | 243.0 | 263.9 | 249.1 | 203.2 | 141.4 | 89.0 | 78.4 | 2,036.5 |
| Source: Meteociel[4] | |||||||||||||
Administration
[edit | edit source]The most recent mayors of Brive-la-Gaillarde were:
- 1966–1995: Jean Charbonnel
- 1995–2008: Bernard Murat
- 2008–present: Philippe Nauche
Population
[edit | edit source]Historical population | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Source: EHESS[5] and INSEE (1968-2017)[6] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Transport
[edit | edit source]Brive-la-Gaillarde railway station offers connections to Limoges, Périgueux, Bordeaux, Toulouse, Paris and several regional destinations. The A20 motorway connects Brive with Limoges and Toulouse, the A89 with Bordeaux.
Brive–Souillac Airport lies south of the city. It was opened in 2010 to replace the older Brive-La Roche Airport.
Sport
[edit | edit source]The city is home to a rugby union team, CA Brive. It also hosted the 2009 Junior World Rowing Championships.
Notable people
[edit | edit source]- Guillaume Marie Anne Brune (1763–1815), marshal of France
- Alceste De Ambris (born 15 September 1874 to Licciana Nardi, and died December 9, 1934, in Brive-la-Gaillard), an Italian politician and syndicalist
- Nicolas Ernault des Bruslys, born on 7 August 1757 in Brive-la-Gaillarde and died on 25 September 1809 in Reunion, is a French general of the Revolution and the Empire.
- Guillaume Dubois (1656–1723), cardinal and statesman
- David Feuerwerker (1912–1980) rabbi and professor of French Jewish history (Geneva, 2 October 1912 – Montreal, 20 June 1980).
- Antoinette Feuerwerker (1912–2003) Belgian lawyer and educator, wife of David Feuerwerker; Member of the Combat movement in Limousin alongside Edmond Michelet.
- Cédric Heymans (1978– ), international rugby union player
- Michel Labrousse (1912–1988), scholar of Roman history
- Pierre André Latreille (1762–1833), entomologist
- Robert Margerit (1910–1988), writer.
- Edmond Michelet (1899–1970), politician, leader of the Movement Combat Limousin; arrested by the Gestapo in Brive in February 1943; died in the village of Marcillac, the town of Brive.
- Louis Néel (1904–2000), physicist, Nobel Prize 1970, died in Brive
- Xavier Patier (1958– ), civil servant and writer
- Damian Penaud (1996– ), international rugby union player
- Patrick Sebastien (born 1953), imitator, actor, singer, television host.
- Marine Serre (1991– ), fashion designer
- Jean-Baptiste Treilhard (born 3 January 1742 in Brive-la-Gaillarde – died December 1810 in Paris) was a French jurist and politician at the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century.
- Cédric Villani (1973– ), mathematician; Fields Medalist in 2010
- Dimitri Yachvili (1980– ), international rugby union player
Twin towns – sister cities
[edit | edit source]Brive-la-Gaillarde is twinned with:[7]
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See also
[edit | edit source]References
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Comparateur de territoires, INSEE
- ^ Base Mérimée: PA00099690, Ministère français de la Culture. (in French)
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Brive-la-Gaillarde, EHESS (in French).
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
External links
[edit | edit source]
- Official website (in French)
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