Pushtimarg Baithak

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"Baithak" redirects here. For the drawing room for the guests in South Asia, see Mehmaan khana. For other uses, see Baithak (disambiguation).
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Pushtimarg Baithak is located in India
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class=notpageimage|
Mahaprabhu's 84 Baithaks in India. Blue dot (File:Location dot blue.svg) marks known Baithaks while red dot (File:Location dot red.svg) marks unknown or Gupta Baithaks.
Baithaks (1-22) are located in Braj region roughly covering Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh.
For Baithaks (53-72) in Gujarat, see Gujarat map below.
class=notpageimage|
Mahaprabhu's Baithaks (53-72) in Gujarat

Baithak or Bethak, (बैठक, literally "seat"), is a shrine in the Pushtimarg tradition of Vaishnavism that commemorates a specific location where Vallabhacharya (1479–1531) performed religious activities.[1] These sites are considered sacred by followers for performing devotional rituals and are associated with the founder and his descendants.[2]

The Baithaks are primarily associated with the proselytizing pilgrimages Vallabhacharya undertook across the Indian subcontinent to spread his devotional teachings.[3]The most prominent collection of these sites is the '''Eighty-Four Seats''' (''Caurāsī Baiṭhak''). The tradition maintains that the act of visiting these sites constitutes a pilgrimage.[4]

These sites are spread across India, chiefly concentrated in the Braj region in Uttar Pradesh and the western state of Gujarat. A total of 142 Baithaks are considered sacred: 84 of Vallabhacharya, 28 of his son Viththalanath Gusainji, and 30 of his seven grandsons.[2]

Significance and function

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The Caurāsī Baiṭhak specifically marks the eighty-four primary sites where Vallabhacharya sat to recite and provide oral exegesis on the Bhāgavatapurāṇa.[5] Vallabhacharya’s intense commitment to the Bhāgavatapurāṇa was central to his mode of religious instruction, and the readings delivered at these locations are believed by followers to have transformed the lives of those who heard him.[5]

The shrines often house hand-written manuscripts and personal artifacts of Vallabhacharya. Unlike many Hindu temples, Baithaks generally do not house images (murti) for worship; instead, devotees revere the seat itself and the manuscripts.[6] Devotees offer personal items such as clothes and ornaments at these shrines. However, unlike the elaborate meals typically offered in temples, food offerings at Baithaks are often limited to water, sugar crystals and milk made sweetmeats. This is due to Shri Mahaprabhuji’s rule that he doesn’t eat from the hands of Vaishnavas but he cooks and eats himself after offering to Shri Navneetpriyaji during Pruthvi Parikrama. [6] These sites generally observe the schedule of seven darshan periods (viewing periods) followed in Vaishnava havelis.[6]

Associated literature

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The tradition surrounding the Baithaks is recorded in the devotional literature of the Pushtimarg, known as Vārtā Sāhitya ("Chronicle Literature").[4] This corpus is crucial to the community's scriptural canon. It includes texts that function as a "theology of place," guiding pilgrims through the geographical sites associated with Vallabhacharya's religious activity.[7]

Baithaks

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Vallabhacharya Mahaprabhu was the founder of Pushtimarg who lived in 15th century. From the young age, he travelled and visited pilgrimage sites across India. He recited and gave discourses on sacred scriptures like Vedas, Ramayana and Bhagavata at these sites. The locations for recitation were usually banks of the rivers or lakes and quite groves in outskirt of towns. He recited original texts from scriptures as well as gave commentaries on them. Later these commentaries were compiled in Anubhashya and Subodhini.[6][8][9]

These are 84 sites where Vallabhacharya gave discourses which are known as Baithaks. Later small shrines are built to commemorate the event at some sites. Some sites do not have shrines or temples to mark the place but they are known only through stories and texts.[6][2]

His descendants also gave discourses at various places and established their Baithaks.[6]

Mahaprabhu Vallabhacharya's 84 Baithaks

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File:Prakatya baithakji mandir.JPG
Birthplace of Vallabhacharya, Prakatya Baithak, Champaran
File:Mahaprabhuji Bethak in Khambhaliya.jpg
Baithak in Jamkhambhaliya, Gujarat

These 84 Baithaks are located from Rameswaram at the southern tip of India to Badrinath in the north, and from Narayan Sarovar and Bet Dwarka in west to Puri in the east. Baithaks are also located at the places associated with his life such as at Tirumala Tirupati, the family's tutelary deity; Champaran, his birthplace; Varanasi where he spent significant part of his life. Baithaks are also located in the regions highly associated with Krishna such as in Braj region (now roughly corresponding to Mathura district of Uttar Pradesh) and in Dwarka in Gujarat.[6][2]

84 Baithaks of Vallabha[10][11][2][9][12]
Number Baithak Name Location Town/City District State Coordinates Notes
1 Govindghat Gokul Mathura Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. This baiṭhak is the main ghat of Gokul and is where Vallabha initiated his first disciple.[13]
2 Badi Bhitar Baithak Gokul Gokul Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Second Gokul Baithak, Gupta Baithak
3 Shayya Mandir Dwarkadhish Temple Gokul Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Third Gokul Baithak
4 Bansivat Vrindavan Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
5 Vishramghat Vishramghat (on bank of Yamuna river) Mathura Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
6 Madhuvan Madhuvan Maholi Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
7 Kumodvan Kumodvan Usfar Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
8 Bahulavan Bahulavan Bathi Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
9 Radhakrishna Kund Radhakund Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
10 Mansiganga near Chakreshwar Mahadev, Vallabh Ghat Govardhan Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Two Baithaks
11 Parasoli Chandrasarovar Govardhan Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
12 Anyor Sadu Pandey's House Anyor Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
13 Govindkund opposite Giriraj Anyor Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
14 Sundershila opposite foothill of Giriraj Jatipura Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
15 Govardhan hill inside Shrinathji's Temple on Giriraj hill Jatipura Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
16 Kamvan Kamvan, Shrikund Kaman Bharatpur Rajasthan Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
17 Ghewarvan near Radhaji's Temple, below Morkutir Barsana Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
18 Sanketvan in the Garden, Krishna Kund Barsana Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
19 Nandgam Mansarovar Road Nandgam Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
20 Kokilavan Jauv Baithen Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
21 Bhandirvan Opposite bank of Yamuna river Bhandir, Manjh Taluka Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
22 Mansarovar (Makhan) Opposite bank of Yamuna river Mat Mathura Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
23 Sukar kshetra (Soramji/Sauroji) Saurabhghat on bank of Ganga river Soron Kasganj Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
24 Chitrakut Kamtanath hill Pili Kothi Satna Madhya Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
25 Ayodhya Ramghat Road, Gunsai Ghat Ayodhya Faizabad Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
26 Naimisharanya opposite Vedvyasa Ashram Naimisharanya, Taluka Mishrak Sitapur Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
27 Kashi-1 Sheth Purushottamdas' House Jatanvad Varanasi Kashi Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
28 Kashi-2 Hanuman Ghat Varanasi Kashi Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
29 Harihar Kshetra (Sonpur) Baithakji Hajipur near Mahadevji's temple, Magarhatta Chowk Hajipur Vaishali Bihar Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
30 Janakpur Bhagwandas Garder, near Chhoti Dhigi village (Hajipur) Janakpur Vaishali Bihar Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
31 Gangasagar Sangam near Kapil Ashram, on Kapil Kund, Kakdwip Bet West Bengal Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
32 Champaranya via Rajim Champaran Raipur Chhattisgarh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Birthplace
33 Champaranya Chattighar via Rajim Champaran Raipur Chhattisgarh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
34 Jagannathpuri near Harjimal Dudhwala'S Dharmshala, Grant Road Puri Odisha Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
35 Pandharpur opposite Bank of River Chandrabagha, Shegaondumala Pandharpur Maharashtra Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
36 Nasik Parasram Puriya Marg, Panchvati Karanja Nasik Maharashtra Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
37 Pannakala Nrisimha On Mangalgiri hill, Mangalgiri Station Vijayawada Andhra Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupt Baithak
38 Tirupati Lakshman Balaji Lakshman Balaji, Medharam Metta Road Tirumala Andhra Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
39 Shrirangji Shrirangam Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
40 Vishnukanchi Chetravatri Muttukolam Vishnukanchi Tamil Nadu Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
41 Setubandh Vallabhacharya Math Rameshwaram Ramnad Tamil Nadu Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
42 Malayachal Parvat Malayachal Parvat near Ooty Karnataka Gupta Baithak
43 Lohgadh Gujarati Temple, beside Rudreshwar Temple, Harvane - Sankhadi Sanquelim North Goa Goa Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
44 Tamraparni River On the bank Tiruchirappalli Tamil Nadu Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
45 Krishna River Krishna Dham, Vadi Junction near Raichur Station Krishna Andhra Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
46 Pampa Sarovar near Hampi Village, Haspeth Railway Station Karnataka Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
47 Padmanabh Pondhanath Thiruvananthapuram Kerala Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
48 Janardan Kshetra Janardan Kshetra Varkala Kerala Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
49 Vidyanagar Hampi Village, near Tungbhadra River Hampi Karnataka Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
50 Trilokbhan Tamraparni River, Totadri hill Tamil Nadu Gupta Baithak
51 Totadri Totadri hill, Nangumeri village Tirunelveli Tirunelveli Tamil Nadu Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
52 Darvasen Adisetu Ramnad Tamil Nadu Gupta Baithak
53 Surat Ashwinikumar Ghat, near Tapi River Surat Surat Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
54 Bharuch beside District Panchayat, Station Road, on bank of Narmada river Bharuch Bharuch Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
55 Morbi opposite Bank of Machchhu River, behind L.E. College Morbi Morbi Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
56 Jamnagar near Nagmati River, Kalavad Road Jamnagar Jamnagar Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
57 Jamkhambhaliya Station Road, on the Kund Jamkhambhaliya Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
58 Pindtarak from Nandana Patiya Via Bhatiya, Pindara Pindara Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
59 Mul Gomti Devidas Nathuram, Neelakantha Chowk Dwarka Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
60 Harikund, Dwarka near Gomti River Dwarka Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
61 Gopi Talav Dwarka Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
62 Bet Shankhoddhar Shankh Talav Bet Dwarka Devbhoomi Dwarka Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
63 Narayan Sarovar Narayan Sarovar, Lakhpat Taluka Narayan Sarovar Kutch Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
64 Junagadh Damodar Kund Junagadh Junagadh Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
65 Prabhas (Somnath) on the Ghat of Triveni River Prabhas Patan Gir Somnath Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
66 Madhavpur on Kadamkund Madhavpur Ghed Porbandar Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
67 Gupta Prayag (Junagadh) on Trivenikund Delvada Junagadh Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
68 Tagadi Ahmedabad - Botad Road Tagadi Ahmedabad Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
69 Naroda Gopaldasji Haveli, Naroda Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
70 Godhra Rana Vyas Road, Patel Vad, Godhra Godhra Panchmahal Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
71 Kheralu Shrimalivas Kheralu Mehsana Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
72 Siddhpur Bindu Sarovar Road Siddhpur Patan Gujarat Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
73 Avantikapuri (Ujjain) Gomti Kund, inside Sandipani Ashram Ujjain Ujjain Madhya Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
74 Pushkar Near Brahma Mandir, Vallabhghat Pushkar Ajmer Rajasthan Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
75 Kurukshetra Saraswati Kund, near Bhadkrali temple, Thanesar Kurukshetra Kurukshetra Haryana Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
76 Haridwar Ramghat, on bank of Ganga river Haridwar Haridwar Uttarakhand Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
77 Badrikashram near Temple Badrinath Chamoli Uttarakhand Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
78 Kedarnath Kedar Kund Badrinath Chamoli Uttarakhand Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
79 Vyas Ashram near Alaknanda - Saraswati Sangam, Keshav Prayag Badrinath Chamoli Uttarakhand Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found. Gupta Baithak
80 Himachal Parvat Himachal Pradesh Gupta Baithak
81 Vyas Ganga Vyasghat Himachal Pradesh Gupta Baithak
82 Mandarachal Mandarachal hill Tamil Nadu Gupta Baithak
83 Arail (Prayag)/Adel Triveni Sangam Devrakh, Naini Allahabad Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.
84 Charnat Acharya Koop Charnat (Charnadri) Chunar Mirzapur Uttar Pradesh Lua error: callParserFunction: function "#coordinates" was not found.

Vallabhkula Baithaks

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Many Baithaks of Vallabhkula, the descendants of the Vallabhacharya are at the sites of Baithaks of Vallabhacharya. This Baithaks are sanctified by Viththalnath Gusainji and his seven sons. 28 Baithaks are associated with Gusainji Viththalnath while 30 more Baithaks are associated with his seven sons.[2]

They are as follows:[6]

28 Baithaks of Gusainji Viththalnath, younger son of Vallabhacharya
  1. Gokul.
  2. Badi Baithak in Gokul
  3. Bansighat, Vrindavan
  4. Radha kund
  5. Chandra sarovar
  6. Chandra Sarovar, in Phoolghar
  7. Mathura Nathji Mandir, Jatipura
  8. Shrikund, Kamavan
  9. Prema Sarovar
  10. Near Sanketadevi, Sanketavan
  11. Reethori, near Chandravali kund
  12. Jalaghar of Shrinathji, Karahata
  13. Kotavan, on Seeta kund
  14. Cheeraghat
  15. Bachavan, under Chokar tree
  16. Belavan, on the banks of Yamuna
  17. Charanaut
  18. Adel/Arail
  19. Ganda desa, in the house of Narayandas
  20. Soramji (Soron), near Mahaprabhu's Baithak
  21. Godhra, in the house of Nagjibhai
  22. house of Mahidhar Phoolbai
  23. Asarwa, Ahmedabad; in the house of Bhaila Kothari
  24. Khambat, on Narayan lake
  25. Navanagar (Jamnagar), in the house of Bala Badarayana
  26. Gaga Gurgadh
  27. Dwarka, near Dauji's Mandir
  28. Dwarka, in the temple of Ram Lakshman
4 Baithaks of Giridharji, the eldest son of Viththalanath
  1. Gokul
  2. Jatipura, in Mathuraji temple near Gosainji's Baithak
  3. caves of Kamara hill
  4. Narisevan, near Dauji's temple
1 Baithak of Balkrishnalalji, third son of Viththalnath
  1. Gokul in Dwarakadhish temple[14]
13 Baithaks of Gokulnathji, fourth son of Viththalnath – 13 Baithaks
  1. Gokul, in temple of Gokulnath
  2. Bansighat in Vrindravan
  3. Radha Kund, near Gosainji's Baithak
  4. Chandra Sarovar, near Gosainji's Baithak
  5. Gopalpura, in the temple of Gokulnath
  6. Shrikund, Kamavan.
  7. Karahala, near Gosainji's Baithak
  8. Rasoli.
  9. Soramji (Soron), near Gosainji's Baithak.
  10. Adel/Arail
  11. Kashmir
  12. Godhra
  13. Asarwa, in the house of Bhaila Kothari
1 Baithak of Raghunathji, fifth son of Viththalnath
  1. Gokul
1 Baithak of Ghanshyamji, youngest son of Viththalnath
  1. Gokul
7 Baithaks of Harirai Mahaprabhu
  1. Gokul, in the Vithalnath's temple.
  2. Nathadwara, in the temple of Vithalnath
  3. Khamanor
  4. Jaisalmer, on the banks of Gomati river
  5. Sawali, near lake
  6. Jambusar, near lake
3 Baithaks of Damodardas Harsani, devotee of Vallabhacharya
  1. Thakaranighat in Gokul
  2. Bansighat in Vrindavan
  3. Khambhalia, near Mahaprabhu's Baithak

References

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  1. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  2. ^ a b c d e f Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  3. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  4. ^ a b Bachrach 2022, p. 34. Cite error: The named reference "Bachrach34" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  5. ^ a b Bachrach 2022, p. 55.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  7. ^ Bachrach 2022, p. 55, n. 59.
  8. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  9. ^ a b Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  10. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
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  13. ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
  14. ^ Other Baithak is said to be situated near a water tank in Vinjhana village.
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