Arandu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
This article needs additional citations for verification. (May 2024) |
Arandu
اَرنْدو Arnawai | |
|---|---|
| Arandu Arandu | |
| Lua error in Module:Location_map at line 411: Malformed coordinates value. | |
| Coordinates: Lua error in Module:Coordinates at line 489: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). | |
| Country | File:Flag of Pakistan.svg Pakistan |
| Province | File:PK-NWFP.svg Khyber Pakhtunkhwa |
| District | Lower Chitral District |
| Established | 1700 |
| Government | |
| • Type | MPA |
| • Body | Mr. Fateh Ul Mulk Ali Nasir |
| Elevation | 1,028 m (3,373 ft) |
| Population (2003) | |
• Total | 27,000 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Urdu |
| Time zone | UTC+5 (PST) |
| PIN | 17250[1] |
| Website | Official Website |
Arandu[2] (ارندو) is a small valley is situated in Lower Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Province Pakistan. The valley is on the banks of the Landai Sin River just above its confluence with the Kunar River. Arandu lies on the border with Kunar Province, Afghanistan.
History
[edit | edit source]Anglo-Afghan War of 1919
[edit | edit source]During the Afghan War of Independence in 1919, the area was part of the Chatral front of the war where the Afghans invaded British India and were led to victory over the British Empire and its Raj Subjects by Mir Zaman Khan.[3]
Demography
[edit | edit source]Ethnically most residents are Khowar, and Gawar-Bati[4] is the language spoken by the majority of the people in Arandu. As Arandu has a low elevation and is the last village in Chitral District on the traditional trade route to Kabul, locally this language is also known as Aranduiwar.[5] Pashto, Urdu, and Khowar are also spoken and understood.
Geography
[edit | edit source]Arandu is located on the banks of the Landai Sin River (Bashgal River) just above its intersection with the Kunar River (Chitral River),[6] along the Drosh-Jalalabad Road. The Drosh-Jalalabad Road, including water traffic along the Kunar, used to be part of a major trade route from India to Kabul. Arundu is built on river benches that rise above the agricultural fields next to the two rivers. Arandu has an average elevation of 327 m (1,073 ft). The Lowari Range is across the Kunar to the north and west, while Mount Raskarla rises to 2,432 metres (7,979 ft) four kilometers to the east.
Climate
[edit | edit source]Arandu has the lowest elevation of any place in Chitral District[7] and maintains tropical weather during the summer and warmer temperatures than the rest of Chitral in winter. The winters are rainier than the summers. Its climate is classified as warm and temperate, and is listed as Csa by Köppen and Geiger.[citation needed] The average annual temperature is 17.6 °C in Arandu. The average annual rainfall is 800 mm.
| Climate data for Arandu | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 9.5 (49.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
16.7 (62.1) |
22.4 (72.3) |
28.7 (83.7) |
35.5 (95.9) |
36.9 (98.4) |
35.8 (96.4) |
32.2 (90.0) |
25.5 (77.9) |
19.1 (66.4) |
12.2 (54.0) |
23.8 (74.8) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 4.8 (40.6) |
6.8 (44.2) |
11.2 (52.2) |
16.4 (61.5) |
22.0 (71.6) |
28.1 (82.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
29.2 (84.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
18.2 (64.8) |
12.4 (54.3) |
7.0 (44.6) |
17.6 (63.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) |
1.9 (35.4) |
5.8 (42.4) |
10.4 (50.7) |
15.4 (59.7) |
20.7 (69.3) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
11.0 (51.8) |
5.7 (42.3) |
1.9 (35.4) |
11.4 (52.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 69 (2.7) |
99 (3.9) |
146 (5.7) |
139 (5.5) |
69 (2.7) |
22 (0.9) |
52 (2.0) |
56 (2.2) |
40 (1.6) |
31 (1.2) |
26 (1.0) |
51 (2.0) |
800 (31.4) |
| Source: Climate-Data.org [8] | |||||||||||||
See also
[edit | edit source]Notes and references
[edit | edit source]- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Arandu (Approved – N) at GEOnet Names Server, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
- ^ PSDP (2018) Pashtoonkhwa Biographies - Ghazi Mirzaman
- ^ Gawar-bati means "speech of the Gawar" Decker 1992, pp. 153–154
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value). citing Israr-ud-Din (1969).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
- ^ Lua error in Module:Citation/CS1/Configuration at line 2172: attempt to index field '?' (a nil value).
Lua error in Module:Authority_control at line 153: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value).