Lasius

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Lasius
Temporal range: Eocene-Present, 46–0 Ma
File:Lasius niger casent0178775 profile 1.jpg
Lasius niger, type species.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Formicidae
Subfamily: Formicinae
Tribe: Lasiini
Genus: Lasius
Fabricius, 1804
Diversity[1]
149 species
Synonyms
  • Donisthorpea Morice & Durrant, 1915
  • Tylolasius Zhang, J., 1989

Lasius is a genus of formicine ants.[2] The type species for this genus is the black garden ant, Lasius niger. Other major members, which live in drier heathland, are the cornfield ant, L. neoniger, and L. alienus. Other species include the temporary social parasites of the L. mixtus group and the hyper-social parasite Lasius fuliginosus. Lasius flavus is also a commonly seen species, building grassy hillocks in undisturbed pasture. In the Alps, these mounds – always aligned east to catch the first rays of the rising sun – have been traditionally used by goatherds as natural compasses.[citation needed] Species in the subgenus Acanthomyops, in particular L. interjectus and L. claviger, are commonly known as citronella ants due to their citronella-like smell.

Social parasitism

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Several species in this genus are noted to be social parasites.[3][4][5][6] Some species such as Lasius latipes and Lasius murphyi are noted to have their mating flights in mid-late summer and invade other colonies of Lasius, primarily Lasius neoniger.[3][4][6] The queens of species Lasius orientalis and Lasius umbratus have been observed using chemical signals to invade other Lasius colonies and trick the workers to kill the residing queen, accepting the invading queen as their own.[7] Other species, such as Lasius claviger, are known to overwinter and invade colonies in the spring.[8][6]

Moisture ants

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Many Lasius species, known collectively as "moisture ants" in the United States, make their nests in and around moist rotting wood as well as under rocks.[9][10] They can infest buildings, particularly foundation forms in contact with soil, becoming a minor nuisance.[11][9] They are not considered a structural threat because they only make their galleries in wood that is already decayed.[11] Some species build "cartonlike" nests in moist locations made of decayed wood fragments cemented together with honeydew and the ant's mandibular gland secretions.[10] Workers are monomorphic, 2 to 3 mm long, yellow to dark brown.[9] They are secretive, and forage mostly at night for honeydew and other sweet substances, and may also prey on small insects.[9] Winged reproductive males and females swarm in late summer and fall, which is when building infestations may be noticed.[9] They are distinguished from carpenter ants (Camponotus), another structure-infesting species, by being much smaller, and having a notch in the dorsal thorax (top of the center body division), where carpenter ants have a rounded thorax.[11][9] Widespread moisture ant species include L. alienus and L. neoniger, as well as some Acanthomyops species.[10]

Species

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File:Lasius-niger-colony.jpg
Black garden ant, Lasius niger
File:Lasius alienus 01.JPG
Cornfield ant, Lasius alienus
File:Lasius flavus 2.JPG
Lasius flavus

References

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  • Error creating thumbnail: File missing Media related to Lua error in Module:Commons_link at line 62: attempt to index field 'wikibase' (a nil value). at Wikimedia Commons

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